unit one 3rd year

[احمد زعفراني]

Unit one




• Energy is needed for living things as well as for machines.
• Fossil fuels are used to get most of the energy used by man. Fossil fuels such as oil,coal and natural gas have been formed from the remains of plants and animals.
• There are different forms of natural energy.These sources give us light and power In our homes and at work.Some of these forms will last forever such as the sun,the water and the wind.
Other forms will run out such as coal,gas and oil.
 Long ago,the decayed remains البقايا المتحللة of plants and animals were formed into fossil fuels,which were buried دفنت
beneath layers of earth.Forms of energy that are renewable and will never run out are the sun,the wind and the water.Forms of energy that may run out are oil,gas and coal.They are called
non-renewable.
 It is important to save energy.We shouid turn the light off when you leave a room. The TV or the computer should be switched off when we have finished.Recycled materials should be used. Glass, paper and metal, for example should be reused instead of throwing them away.
Solar energy الطاقة الشمسية * nuclear energy الطاقة النووية
* natural energy الطاقة الطبيعية * atomic energyالطاقة الذرية
* energetic نشيط/فعال * energeticsعلم الطاقة
* energize يزود بالطاقة
* last السابق/الماضي/يدوم * last forever يدوم للأبد
1. The energy of the sun lasts for forever.
2. The film lasted 3 hours.
• lastig peaceسلام دائم
• power قوة * powerlessضعيف/واهن
• power station محطة توليد طاقة * purchasing powerقوة شرائية
• diagramرسم توضيحي * move about يتحرك/يحرك من مكان لآخر
• depend on يعتمد على = count on =rely on.
• Turbineمحرك يعمل بقوة الماء أو البخار
run out – run out of
>>> run out ينفد >>> run out of ينفد ما لديه من
1. The solar energy doesn’t run out.
2. We have run out of oil.
* renewable متجدد / لا ينفد * non-renewable غير متجدد \ ينفد
1.Renewable energy doesn’t run out.
2.The sun and the wind are called non-renewable energy.
Exercise
1.Some forms of energy such as water will………… forever.
a) last b) vanish c) be lost d) disappear
3. I was too tired to have the …….to get out of bed.
a) energetic b) energy c) engagement d)engine
4.Water,oil and wind are forms of energy that will never run………
a)off b)out c)out of d)of
4. Materials such….glass and paper can be recycled.
a) as b)In c)like d) example
5 Water,oil and wind are………………
a) artificial b)man-made c)natural d) un-natural
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
* record يسجل * recorder آلة تسجيل
* record holder حامل الرقم القياسي * crossصليب/يعبر
* organize ينظم يرتب/ * organized منظم (صفة)
* organizer منظم (اسم) * organizationمنظمة
1.The World Health Organization منظمة الصحة العالمية takes care of general health.
* revise يراجع * revision مراجعة
• revivalإحياء /نهضة
• ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• a way طريقة = a method .
 by the way على فكرة  out of the wayفي غير محله
 in a bad way في حالة سيئة  no wayمستحيل
 live withoutيحيا بدون  livelyمليء بالحيوية
 go without =do without يستغنى عن  live in seclusionيعيش في عزلة
---------------------------------********************…………………………..
Translation:-
Faced with the challenges of the twenty-first century,Egypt has not only provided the electric power for all our national projects but also we can export the surplus الفائض electric power abroad.




 Allow يسمح to +المصدر
 let يسمح / يدع المصدر
 cause يسبب المصدر
 His father allowed him to leave early .
 His father let him leave early.
 His illness caused him to miss the game.

* develop يحمض (أفلام) - ينمو - . يطور
* developed countries الدول المتقدمة
* developing countries الدول النامية
• developmentتطور/تنمية
1.The use of computers in business is an important new development.
* grow ينمو /يزرع , grew , grown .
لاحظ الجملة الآتية:-
1.Most of the energy…….in our houses comes from fossil fuels.
a) use b)used c)are used d)which used
لاحظ في الجملة السابقة تم حذف  ضمير الوصل و  v.to be
2.The girl……….a red dress is my neighbour.
a)who wearing b)is wearing c)is being worn d)wearing
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
* fossil fuelsوقود الحفريات * decay يتحلل
* decayed متحلل /متعفن = rotten = bad
• tooth decay تسوس الأسنان
• -------------------------------------------------------------------------
* lie يرقد , lay , lain .
* lie يكذب(to), lied ,lied .
* layتضع بي laid, laid.
• ************************************************** ***************
• remains آثار/ بقايا = ruins
• 1.The remains of our breakfast are still on the table .
• * over millions of years عبر ملايين السنين
1. Over millions of years the decayed plants and animals have led to the formation of coal, oil and natural gas.

* bury يدفن * buried مدفونة
* beneath تحت = below
1.The ship sank beneath the waves .
* reduce يقلل /يقلص ≠ increase يزيد
1.I bought this shirt because it was reduced from 50 $ to 40 $ .
* reduction / تقليل إنقاص
* rubbish قمامة = garbage = trash = waste = riffraff =scouring .
* wastes نفايات /فضلات
1.The government has taken decisive measuresإجراءات حاسمة against throwing rubbish in the Nile.
* Windmills طواحين الهواء. * windfarms مصانع تدار بقوة الرياح
* connected متصلة / مرتبطة * connection ارتباط / صلة
• in connection with فيما يتعلق ب
• hydro-electric power طاقة هيدرو كهربية (استخدام الماء لتوليد الطاقة)
• 1. إن الماء مصدر هام للطاقة الهيدرو كهربية لأنها رخيصة .
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………….. …………………………………
*spill سكب ( spilt – spilt )
1. The boy spilt the milk on the carpet .
*split يشق / يقسم ( split – split )
1. We decided to split the money between us.
* spell يتهجى ( spelt – spelt ) OR ( spelled – spelled )
* release تنطلق / تندفع / يطلق سراح = set free
1. The bird in the cage was released.
2. He wanted to release from the test.
* Carefully storedتحفظ جيدا / تخزن * badly managedذات إدارة سيئة
* nuclear power الطاقة النووية
1. يعتقد بعض الناس أن الطاقة النووية مصدر آمن للطاقة .
. . . .. .. … . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . ..
….. .. . …. .. … .. .. .. ..
* blow upينفجر / ينسف = explode .
1.The atomic power station at Chernobyl blew up in 1986 .
2. The enemy blew up the bridge .
• blow out يطفئ بالنفخ
• …………………………………………………………………………………..
• atomic dust الغبار الذري * humans الناس = people.
• Nuclear reactions تفاعلات نووية * radiate يشع / يتألق
• Radiation إشعاع
• ********** ****** ***** ****** ******** ******** *********
* calculate يحسب / يقدر = estimate .
* save يدخر / يقتصد = keep for future use .
* turn off = switch off يطفئ
> recycle يعيد تصنيع / يعيد استخدام = reuse . * recyclingإعادة تصنيع
1. We have to make use of waste materials by recycling them .
• enormous amounts كميات هائلة
1. The skyscraper is an enormous building as it consists of a lot of flats .
* recycled materials مواد معاد تصنيعها * label ملصق ( لبيان محتويات)
1. A lot of people prefer buying recycled materials to reduce pollution

.
*Choose the correct answer :-
1 Enormous amounts of energy……when atoms split.
a)release b) are released c)are releasing d)releases
2. A bomb blew …… and destroyed the factory .
a)of b) in c) over d) up
3. The dustman collects ………..everyday .
a)rubbish b)values c)wonders d)mice
4. It is necessary to ……the amounts of fossil fuels.
a)increase b)reduce c)double d)enlarge
5.Hydro-electric power uses ……to generate electricity.
a)fossil b)wind c)sun d)water
* leave behind = result in ينجم عن - يخلف -ينتج عنه
1. Generating electricity by splitting atoms leave behind dangerous waste which pollutes enviromet.
* generateيولد * generationجيل
* generator مولد (كهربائي)
* convinced مقنع * landfill sitesمناطق إلقاء القمامة
1.I was convinced that she was telling a lie.
• multipleمتعدد
1.We made multiple copies of the report.
* artificial صناعي =
1.I don’t like wearing clothes made of artificial fibers.
* geothermal energy الطاقة الحرارية داخل الأرض
• molten منصهرة * melt ينصهر /يذوب
1.Molten rock rushed out of the volcano.
* vehicle عربة /شاحنة * origin أصل
* charge يشحن (بطارية) – تهمة * in charge of مسئول عن
1.The battery needs to be charged .
• invlove يشمل
!.The second accident involves two cars and a lorry .
• silt طمي/طين * inspire يلهم
* violence ال*** * pleased with مسرور من
* turn into يتحول إلي
1.Energy from the sun can be turned into electricity .
* prejudice تحيز /حامل * lap دورة في سباق
* raise money for …. يخصص مالا ل * break يكسر/استراحة
* hot springs ينابيع مياه ساخنة * drill يحفر بمثقاب
Translation:-
1.لقد زودنا العلم بمعلومات مفيدة عن العالم .من حولنا .






The present simple tense
• The present simple tense is used to express:-
1.An action that happens again and again ( habits ) عادات
She goes to work at 8 o’clock.
2. To express a fact which is always true .
** The sun is a renewable form of energy.
** I prefer football to basketball.
3.كلمات المضارع البسيط :-
( never – usually – often – always – sometimes )
توضع كلمات المضارع البسيط قبل الفعل الرئيسي و بعد V.To BE 
1. I often watch TV in the evening.
2. She is usually in a hurry when she goes to school.

**هي كلمات تضاف في أول الكلمة لإعطاء معنى جديد
1. يوجد بعض السوابق لإعطاء العكس مثل
1. ( un- unhappy , unreal ) 2. ( in- inefficient , ineffective) 3 . ( il- illegal ) 4. ( non- non-renewable )
5. ( dis- disagree . dishonest ) 6. ( im- impolite )
7. ( ir- irregular ,irresistible)
* * *
anti مضاد antivirus /antibiotic Bi =two Bilingual يتحدث لغتين
Multi = many multitudeحشد كبير Co =with Co-operate
re يعيد = again reconsiderيعيد النظر Inter =between international
bio الحياة =life bio chemistry mid=middle mid-year
Pre قبل= before
Prehistoric ماقبل التاريخ
Mini = little Mini bus
Post مابعد = after Post-gratitude studies
دراسات عليا. Super = over = more than Super man
Super power

Trans = across Transatlantic
transport
Over- تعني الزيادة عندما توضع في المقدمة---وتعني النهاية عندما توضع في النهاية • over population
• over crowded
• game over Proمؤيد ل = in favour of Pro-Eurpoean

Tri = three ثلاثة Triangle مثلث Ante = before
Mono = one Mono syllabic أحادي المقطع
Sub = lower Subzeroتحت الصفر
Exercises
Choose the correct answer:-
1……….energy uses energy from the sun.
a) lunar b) solar c) nuclear d) double
2……..energy doesn’t run out.
a) Usable b) Renewable c) Unable d) Disable
3.Wind energy can be used to ………… electricity.
a) generate b) split c) reduce d) transport
4.Energy from the sun can be …………..into electricity.
a) modified b) replaced c) turned d)run
5.Fossil Fuels may …………….. one day .
a) run away b)run into c)run out d)run back
6. We can ………………..paper and glass
a) cycle b) print c) recycle d) motor
7. Rubbish is ………………….. source of energy.
a) the cheap b) a cheap c) cheapest d) cheap
8. You need to ……………. yourself every day.
a) fuel b) flood c) sun d) eat
9………………. Is a way to reuse materials.
a) Rubbish b) Recycling c) Reclaiming d)Reducing
10. Most of our energy comes …………. From the sun.
a) original b) originally c) organ d) origin
11.When atoms split .enormous amounts of energy are………….
a) set b) released c) scattered d) flown
12.”Molten” means in a ……………state.
a) liquid b) gas c) solid d) cold
13. He is …………….. . He speaks English and French.
a) literate b) bilingual c)irregular d) monosyllabic
14.Armostrong …….on the moon in 1969.
a)lands b)was landed c)was landing d)landed
Re-write :-
1.The sun gives us light . ( by )
………………………………………………………….

2. You need to revise new words regularly . ( revision )

…………………………………………….

3. When I was young , I lived by the sea . ( used to )

…. ………………………………….
4.We can’t live without energy ( impossible )
………………………………………….
Homework
1 Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue:-
Samir:- I think you enjoyed your visit to Egypt
Tom :Sure . --------1--------------------
Samir: But you didn’t visit a lot of places. One
Visit is not enough.
Tom : I hope --------2---------------------------
Samir : Do you still remember the Arabic
words you have learnt.
Tom : ------3---------------. I’d like to thank ----4

Mini-Dialogues: -
a)Tarek: …………1…………………………?
Ali : He has gone abroad.
Tarek:……………2……………………….?
Ali :For a surgical operation.
b) Salim: I’ve recorded the new song.Would you like to borrow it?
Kamel: …………..3………………………..
c) Nader suggests playing tennis
Nader: …………..4……………………..
Adel: I’m not very keen.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Choose the correct answer:-
1. Fossil fuels lie buried ………..layers of earth and rock.
a) at b) over c) beneath d) beside
2. Forms of energy that will never run out are called…………..
a) changeable b) renewable c) energetic
3. Hydro-electric power is one of the ……of renewable energy.
a) styles b) sources c) canals d) matters
4. Methane is the main part of natural……..
a) gas b) water c) energy d) power
5. Workers in sub-zero temperatures have to wear special …………………
a) cloth b) clothes c) clothe d)clothing
6. He ……..early.
a) always is b)is always c) is always being



8……… are set up to produce electricity.
a) Wires b) Switches c)Turbines
9. The refugees are very satisfied because they received …….treatment
a) humane b)human c)humanity
10. You should study pre-historic animals.Pre means ……….
a) after b) before c)when d) as
11.Hydro-electric power uses ……..to generate electricity.
a) water b) sun c) wind d) fossil
12…………..is the energy from the heat in the earth.
a) hydro-electric b)recycling
c) fossil d) Geothermal

Translation:-
Our deserts are one of chief sources of wealth.If we give them due care,we can increase our national income and solve many of our problems by increasing the cultivated land and constructing new industrial projects .








1.يقوم العلماء بأبحاث عديدة للاستفادة من مصادر الطاقة المتجددة كالماء و الرياح.