الكلام المباشر و الغير مباشر Direct and Indirect Speech

[Mr Hamza]

الكلام المباشر و الغير مباشر Direct and Indirect Speech


من اهم الروس و اصعبها في اللغة الانجليزيه و قمت بشرحها بطريقه مبسطة




ملف الورد كامل
http://www.zshare.net/download/7131319382b67a/


ملف الباور بوينت PowerPoint


http://www.zshare.net/download/7131252802378f/





الملف مكتوب مباشره



Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |Pronoun Change | Time Change | Tense Change
Reporting Verbs | Use of 'That'

Direct Speech في المباشر نقول بالضبط ما قاله شخص ما و نضع ما قاله الشخص بين "........"
For example: مثال
She said, "Today's lesson is on presentations."
"Today's lesson is on presentations," she said.
Indirect Speech عند التحويل إلي الغير مباشر لا نستخدم نفس كلمات المتكلم و لكن نحولها إلي الغير مباشر
عند التحويل إلي غير مباشر نقوم ببعض التحويلات:
1-نحول بعض الكلمات
2- نحذف الفاصلة و علامات الكلام و نربط بــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ
3- نحول الضمائر حسب الفاعل أو المفعول في الجملة الأولي
4- تحول الأزمنة من المضارع إلي الماضي و من الماضي إلي الماضي التام
5- تحول كلمات الزمن و المكان
Direct speech Indirect speech
"My name is Samira", she said. She said her name was Samira.
or
She said her name is Samira .






عند التحويل إلي غير مباشر نقوم ببعض التحويلات:
1-نحول بعض الكلمات
Directالمباشر Indirectالغير مباشر
Said
Said to
Says
Says to
Saying
Saying to Said
told
Says
tells
Saying
telling
2- نحذف الفاصلة و علامات الكلام و نربط بـ
3- نحول الضمائر حسب الفاعل أو المفعول في الجملة الأولي
Subject Object Possessive Reflexive
Pro. Adj.
I me My mine Myself
You You You yours yourself
Yourselves
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
They Them Their theirs Themselves
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
It It its Its Itself



4- تحول الأزمنة من المضارع إلي الماضي و من الماضي إلي الماضي التام
Direct speech Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold." Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online." Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." Past perfect
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday." Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier." Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes." Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
Direct speech Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can
She said, "I can teach English online." could
She said she could teach English online.
must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?" should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new browser?" might
She asked if she might open a new browser.








5- تحول كلمات الزمن و المكان
Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this ............... that ..................
today yesterday
these ............ those .....................
now then
................ ago ...................... before
last .......... the ............. before / the previous ................
here there
next ............... the following ...........................
Tomorrow The following day/ the coming day
yesterday The day before/ the previous day














* We use asked to report questions:-
For example: I asked Samira what time the lesson started.
* We use told with an object.
For example: Samira told me she felt tired.
!Note - Here me is the object.
* We usually use said without an object.
For example: Samira said she was going to teach online.
* If said is used with an object we must include to ;
For example: Samira said to me that she'd never been to China.
!Note - We usually use told.
For example: Samira told me that she'd never been to China.
There are many other verbs we can use apart from said, told and asked.
These include:-هذه الأفعال لا تستخدم مع

accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, apologised, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested and thought.
* He asked me to come to the party.
* He invited me to the party.
* He begged me to come to the party.
* He ordered me to come to the party.
* He advised me to come to the party.
* He suggested I should come to the party.
Use of 'That' in reported speech استخدامات كلمه
In reported speech, the word that is often used.تستخدم في الجملة الخبرية
For example: He told me that he lived in Greenwich.
However, that is optional. يمكن حذفها من الجملة الخبرية
For example: He told me he lived in Greenwich.
!Note - That is never used in questions, instead we often use if. لا تستخدم في السؤال أو الأمر
For example: He asked me if I would come to the party.


1- "I'll visit Mary tomorrow." He said that...
2- "If you give me some money, I'll help you." The man said that if I...
3- "Did you see that film last month?" Sabry asked me...
4- "Don't touch that flower!" The old lady...
5- "When did you find the money?" She asked us...
6- "Are you going to help us?" Israa asked me...
7- "Will Mary arrive by five?" Dina asked me...
8- "If I knew the answer, I would tell you." Hagar said that...
9- "Do you want to go to the cinema?" Nabila asked me...
10- "Open the window, please." She...
11- "I love chocolate." Magda said
12-: "I went skiing." Salma said
13- "I love chocolate." Eman said
14-: "I went skiing." Mervat said
15-: "I will eat steak for dinner." Ayman said
16-: "I have been to Sydney." Tamer said
17-: "I have had three cars." Salwa said
18-: "I'm going to go to Long Beach." Amira said
19-: "I don't like spinach." Heba said
20-: "I have never been to London." Sherif said
21-: "I was swimming." Farid said
22-: "I had a cat." Faten said
23-: "I can't swim." Samia said
24-: "I won't buy a new car." Adel said
25-: "I have to do my laundry." Samy said
26- Alex said, "I am going to meet a friend."
27- Ken asked, "What are you going to do tonight?"
28- I said, "I've been to Mexico."
29- Steve said, "I want to go to to South Africa."
30- Allen said, "I'd like to come visit."
31-" Ahmed has gone out." Magda told me.
32- "I don't like classical music very much." John told me
33-" I'll phone you later." Wagdy told Samira.
34- "I have to go out now." Farid said to her.

[Ahmed Salah]

شكرا وجزاك الله كل خير

[mr. hassan]

thanx mr. Adwar

regards

[Sharp]

.Thank YOu