أعمال قديمة جمعها في هذا الرابط مستر محمد ديوشي عطا

[زياد فوزى]

اللة يبارك لك يا استاذ هشام

[Mr.Ahmed Ragab]

UNIT 3

analyze

يحلل

photographic

تصويري

breath

يستنشق

terrible

سيء / فظيع

cells

خلايا

aloud

بصوت مرتفع

pain

ألم

hide

يخفى

powerful

قوى

together

معاً

temperature

حرارة

special

خاص

remember

يتذكر

painting

الرسم

password

كلمة السر

address

عنوان

incredible

لا يصدق

at night

ليلاً

human

بشري

senses

حواس

test

يختبر

control

يتحكم في

eyesight

إبصار

guess

يخمن

for example

على سبيل المثال

normal

عادي

immediately

في الحال

complex

معقد

finally

أخيراً

weigh

يزن

impossible

مستحيل

taste

يتذوق

long distances

مسافات طويلة

digestion

هضم

without glasses

بدون نظارة

sunlight

ضوء الشمس

add

يضيف

sound

يبدو

calculator

آلة حاسبة

promise

يعد

damage

يتلف / تلف

pen-friend

صديق مراسلة

a phone call

مكالمة تليفون

free time

وقت فراغ

relax

يسترخى / يسترح

bright

لامع / ساطع

number

رقم

ambulance

سيارة إسعاف

data

تاريخ

modest

متواضع

brain

مخ

small

يشم

carefully

بحرص

pass

يجتاز / ينجح

store

يخزن

maybe

محتمل

disappointed

خاب أمله

helpful ideas

أفكار مساعدة

method

طريقة / وسيلة

keep fit

يكون لائق

message

رسالة

insect

حشرة

bird

طائر

hole

ثقب / حفرة

by the end of ……….

في نهاية / خاتمة........

concentrate better on ……..

يركز بشكل أفضل على ......

make a note of ………

يدون ملاحظات على

to do well / badly in the exam

يؤدي أداء جيداً / سيئاً في الامتحان

turn …….. the other way

يدير / يلف ....... للجانب الآخر

take …….. out of …….

يأخذ ..... خارج.......

make (sth) possible

يجعل ..... ممكناً

try this experiment

جرب هذه التجربة

the difference between … end…

الفرق بين ....... و ........

send a message back to

يرسل رسالة مرة أخرى إلى.......

make sure you don't …..

تأكد أنه لن يحدث .......

say (sth) back to you

يكرر ذكر ...... لك ........

to help (sb) with his homework

يساعد شخص في أداء واجبه

to have a good memory for numbers

لديه ذاكرة جيدة لاسترجاع الأرقام

do you have any suggestions?

هل لديك أي اقتراحات؟

good at

جيد في

terrible at

فظيع / سيء في

fall over

يسقط فوق

bad at

سيء في

answer to

رد على

compared with

بالمقارنة بـــ

example of

مثال لـــ

receive from

يتلقى من

ways of

طرق لـــ

agree about/on

يوافق على

come from

يأتي من

pick up

يلتقط

made of

مصنوع من

go round

يدور حول

useful for

مفيد لـــ

key to

مفتاح لـــ

good for

مفيد لـــ

the rest of

الباقي من

Experience

خبرة

Brain

المخ

Experiment

تجربة معملية

Quiet

هادئ

mind

العقل (القدرة على التفكير)

quite

إلى حد ما /تماماً

Quit

يهجر / يترك / يغادر

Close

يغلق

Guess

يخمن

Receive

يستلم

send

يرسل

The Reading text in points

You have 100 , 000 , 000 of thes

لديك 100 مليون منها (الخلايا)

Ë Your brain is more complicated أكثر تعقيداً then the most powerful computer in the world.
Ë With it you can see, small flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favorite singer's voice and think.
Ë It weighs يزن a kilo. It has about a hundred billion cells.
Ë It controls everything you do. It receives يتلقى information from your senses, analyses يحلل it at an amazing speed بسرعة مذهلة and sends out messages that control يتحكم our body.
Ë for example, if you put your hand in hot water, you take it out of the water because it hurts.





Ë what is happening now? Your brain receives the message "very hot" from your hand. Then sends a message back to your hand immediately في الحال.
Ë Your senses work together تعمل معاً. For example, your brain can't tell you the difference الفرق in taste المذاق between the fruits if you close your eyes and hold your nose. Try this experiment قم بهذه التجربة.
Ë This is because when you eat, your drain receives messages from your mouth, eyes and nose.
Ë Your brain stores يخزن past memories ذكريات سابقة and this makes learning and remembering التذكر possible.
Ë Your brain controls your breathing التنفس your heart, your body temperature حرارة الجسم and your digestion الهضم.
Ë People have different remembering abilities قدرات تذكارية مختلفة .
Ë Some people are good at remembering names. Others have a photographic memory from numbers ذاكرة تصويرية للأرقام.
Ë The brain enables us to guess and distinguish نميز sounds.
Ë If you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone, your brain may guess it's the sound of the telephone.
Ë But if the sound continues after picking up the phone, your brain will guess again. Maybe, it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
Ë Our brains can see the picture in different positions.
Ë It is said by scientists that our brains always think that light comes downwards, perhaps because sunlight comes down.

1. In what way is your brain like a computer?
- Both of them are complicated and can store a lot of
information.
2. Mention أذكر some functions وظائف done by the brain.
With it you can see, small flowers, remember
holidays, fell pain, hear your favorite singer's
voice and think.
3. How heavy is the brain?
- A kilo
4. How many cells are there in the brain?
- It has about a hundred billion cells.
5. How does the brain work with the information it receives?
- It analyses يحلل it at an amazing speed بسرعة مذهلة
and sends out messages.
6. Why is the brain important in the process of learning عملية التعلم?
- Because it stores past memories.
7. How does the brain control all the body's functions وظائف الجسم?
- It controls your breathing التنفس your heart, your
body temperature حرارة الجسم and your digestion
الهضم.
8. How do remembering abilities differ from one person to another?
Some people are good at remembering names.
Others have a photographic memory for numbers
ذاكرة تصويرية للأرقام

Language focus

Conditional sentences الجمل الشرطية

Zero conditional : الحالة الصفرية
Use zero conditional sentences to describe actions which are usually true.

تستخدم الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن أحداث واقعية أو حقائق.

If + present simple مضارع بسيط present simple مضارع بسيط

ملحوظة هامة : في هذه الحالة لاحظ أن If = When

Ë If we heat a bar of metal, it expands.
Ë Water turns into ice if it is frozen.
Ë If I feel tired, I go to bed.
Ë I got to bed if I fell tired.

First conditional : الحالة الشرطية الأولى

If + present will / can / may + inf. OR
Imperative فعل في صيغة الأمر
Use first conditional sentences to describe actions that are possible in the future.

تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الأولى لوصف أحداث من الممكن أن تحدث في المستقبل .

ËIf Hany revises his lessons well, he can pass his exams.
Ë If Mona has a lot of money, she will buy a new car.
Ë If I find his phone number, I'll ring you.
Ë I'll ring you if I find his phone number.

ملحوظة هامة:
عند ربط جملتين تعبر عن حدث مستقبلي باستخدام (If) نستخدم الحالة الأولى.

* It's possible that Ali will win the race because he'll do his
best. (If)
- If Ali does his best, he will win the race.

Second conditional: الحالة الشرطية الثانية

If + past simple would / could / might + inf.

Use second conditional sentences to describe actions which will probably not happen.

1) تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الثانية لوصف أحداث ليس من المحتمل حدوثها.

Ë If Mai arrived late, she would miss the train.
Ë If I had free time, I'd go for a picnic.
Ë If I were rich, I'd help the poor.
Ë I'd ring him if I found his phone number.

2) تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الثانية لإعطاء النصيحة:

Ë If I were you, I'd study hard to get high score. =
Ë You should study hard to get high score.

ملحوظة هامة:
عند ربط جملتين تعبر عن حدث غير محتمل حدوثه في المستقبل / نستخدم الحالة الثانية.

* It possible that he won't catch the morning train because
he does not get up early. (If)
- If he got up early , he'd catch the morning train.

تذكر :

1- أن الحالة الثانية تعبر عن افتراض (عكس الواقع الحالي)

* If I were a doctor, I'd help you.

(I'm not a doctor, so I can't help you)

* If I were not tired, I'd visit my uncle.

(I can't visit you because I'm tired.)

* If I had enough memory, I'd lend you some.

(I don't have enough money, so I can't lend you some)

2- استخدام unless بدلاً من (if + not) .

* If she does not play well, we'll be angry. =
Unless she plays well, we'll be angry.
* If they did not arrive in time, they wouldn't be admitted =
Unless they arrived in time, they wouldn't be admitted.

3- استخدام (in case of + ing / N) بمعنى If.

* If he feels tired, he'll stay at home. (In case of)
In case of feeling tired, he'll stay at home.

4- استخدام (Without + ing / n) بمعنى unless :

* Unless she had enough time, she wouldn't go to the club.
Without having enough time, she wouldn't go to the club.

ملحوظة:

لاحظ التحويلات الآتية عند الربط بين الجمل باستخدام (If):

1- استخدام الحالة الأولى عند وجود حدثين في المستقبل.

A- It's possible it will rain, if so, I'll give you a lift.
If it rains, I'll give you a lift.
B- Perhaps he will come tomorrow. In that case, I'll phone you.
If he comes tomorrow, I will phone you.

2- استخدام الحالة الثانية مع المضارع البسيط المنفي.

c- I can't lend you my camera as it doesn't work well.
If my camera worked well, I could lend you it.

3- تحويل النفي إلى إثبات و الإثبات إلى نفي.
4- حذف أدوات الربط therefore / so / that's why ) لذلك) .
حذف (as / because) وتأتي الجملة التي بعدها بعد (If).

Creative question: أسئلة إبداعية

1- Why do our brains first think the telephone is ringing?
The brain may guess that it is the sound of a telephone you see.
If someone picks up the phone and the ringing continues, you may guess it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
2- Why do brains think that light comes downwards?يميل لأسفل
Because the natural light from the sun always comes from above.
3- Do we all have the same things that we see; hear and taste?
No, each one of us has his own opinion.
4- How would your life be different without any of the senses?
It would be very hard, for example if someone goes blind. أصيب بالعمى
5- How can we help people who have lost one of the senses?
By inventing devices أجهزة that will help to make up for تعرض what they have lost.
6- Can people who can not see or hear help us in any way?
Yes, of course. They can tell us how hard their life has
become after losing one of the senses.
7- What five senses does the brain receive messages from?
They are taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch.
8- How does the brain help us to learn and remember?
It acts as, a store يعمل كمخزن for past memories.
9- What happens when you put your hand in hot water?
The brain receives a message saying the water is very
hot and sends a message back to the person saying.
"take your hand out of the water".
10- Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose and close your eyes?
When you are eating, the brain receives messages from
the eyes, nose and mouth. If you hold your nose and
close your eyes, it does not get any messages.



Communication

Writing reply to letter or advice

العنوان

23, Haram street,
Giza,
Egypt.
October 10th , 200…

Dear………..,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………

With my best wishes,

Yours,

……………. .

مقدمة

التاريخ

مضمون الخطاب

الخاتمة

التوقيع

1) write a reply to the following letter:
dear sally,
I'm happy to write to you . what's up ? I ask your advice for studying English language. What I should do to pronounce words correctly, who I ask for help if I have difficulties and why I sometimes use dictionaries.
With my best wishes.
Yours,
Doha.


2) write a reply to the following letter . You live at 50 Nawal street, Dokki, Giza:
Dear Ahmed,
It's a great pleasure to write this letter to you. How are you? I'm going to visit Egypt next December , so I'd like some information about weather and place of interests. I hope you wait for me at the airport.
Till we meet, I wish you good luck.
Yours,
Jackson.

Exercises

A) Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space.
There are some people who have good memory. Harry is an American with an amazing….(a)… He …(b)… his living from his amazing memory. About 800 people .(c)… to his shows and Harry is introduced …(d)… them before the show. Harry will have to ..(e).. 1000 dollars if he can't greet everyone of them by …(f)… after introducing themselves.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………
e)…………
f)…………


a: Translate into Arabic:
1) The brain receives the information from our senses and analyses it swiftly.
2) Some people feel annoyed to think how much they depend on computers.

b: Translate into English:

إن ممارسة الرياضة تكسب الجسم الصحة العقلية و البدنية.

C) Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space.
The human brain is the most powerful computer in the world. It is more …(a)… then any other computer …(b)… by man. It ...(c)... messages to our bodies and …(d)… information from organs about conditions inside and outside our bodies. It also stores memories of things that …(e)… to the person in the past.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………
e)…………


D) a: Translate into Arabic:
1- Reading is a good way of spending our free time.
2- Storing past memories makes learning process possible.
b: Translate into English:

لكي تتعلم لغة ما, يجب أن تنطق الكلمة بشكل صحيح.

E) Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:
Would you ask your father to lend you some money if you were short of it? But if he refuses, would you ask your brother? And, if your brother doesn't have enough money, you would have to ask a friend. If not, you shall ask another friend. Try to saving money so as to be in need.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………


F) Answer the following questions:

1) What weight is the brain?
2) Which boy's functions does the brain control?
3) How can we distinguish ringing sounds?
4) What are cells?
5) Why is having a memory for names useful for teachers?
6) What is the advantage of having a photographic memory for numbers?
7) What would happen if you put your hand in hot water?
8) When won't you be able to taste what you are eating?
9) When you hear a sound, what does your brain try to do?

G) Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1- I'm not rich, so I can't buy a new car.

(If)

2- I can't visit you because I'm busy.

(If)

3- Unless you studied hard, you wouldn't get
high marks.

(If)

4- Hany may come today. If so, I won't go out.

(If)

5- She can't translate the leaflet as she doesn't
know English.

(If)

6- If she visits Luxor, she can see the ancient
temples there.

(Unless)

7- Without you patience, you couldn't be
responsible for your business.

(Unless)

8- Amal will take part in the reading
competition, so she will borrow some books
from me.

(If)

9- The shirt is too expensive, so I can't buy it.

(If)

10- They don't play well, so they can't win the
cup.

(Without)

11- If he took some exercises regularly, he
would be fit.

(so)

12- I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a
modern car

(If)

13- Please, wait a moment, I'll fetch you a glass
of water.

(If)

14- You must have a ticket or you will not enter
the cinema.

(Unless)

15- If I had seen him off, I would have been
happy.

(I didn't)

[Mr.Ahmed Ragab]

UNIT 4 PEOPLE AND THEIR LIVES
beat

يهزم

quality

سمة / صفة

break record

يسجل رقم قياسي

a weak heart

قلب ضعيف

exhausted

مرهق

report

تقرير

generosity

كرم

headline

العنوان الرئيسي

hero

بطل

northern

شمالي

proud

فخور

geography

جغرافيا

busy

مشغول

mountain

جبل

medicine

الطب

capital

عاصمة

apartment

شقة

trip

رحلة قصيرة (عمل)

nearly

تقريبا / حوالي

common

شائع / مألوف

charity

مؤسسة خيرية

free time

وقت الفراغ

manager

مدير

narrow

ضيق

at university

بالجامعة

disability

إعاقة

several

عديد

graduate

يتخرج

giant

ضخم / عملاق

a sporty family

عائلة رياضية

interpreter

مترجم فوري

a recent event

حدث حالي

type

نوع

pride

فخر

historical

تاريخي

race

سباق

professional

محترف

train

يدرب

championship

بطولة

secondary

ثانوي

beach

بلاج

cross

يعبر

primary

ابتدائي

grandparents

أجداد

drown

يغرق

apartment

شقة

at weekends

في العطلات الأسبوعية

swedish

سويدي الجنسية

a news programme

برنامج أخبار

student

طالب

favorite

مفضل

show

يبين / يظهر

panda

حيوان ضخم من الثديات ( الباندا )

daily life

الحياة اليومية

design

يصمم

athlete

لاعب رياضي

experience

خبرة

table tennis

تنس طوله

nickname

لقب / اسم الشهرة

finally

أخيراً

sports woman

أمرآة رياضية

score

يسجل / يحرز

a great man

رجل عظيم

world cup

كأس العالم

save

ينقذ

heroine

بطلة

helpful

مفيد / نافع

repeat

يكرر

architecture

فن المعمار

continue

يستمر

long – distance races

سباقات المسافات الطويلة

enjoyable

ممتع

the crocodile of the Nile

تمساح النيل

pen – friend

صديق مراسلة

sportsman

رجل رياضي

national hero

بطل قومي

details

تفاصيل

a government building

مبنى حكومي

restaurant

مطعم

the English channel

القناة الإنجليزية

relax

يسترخى

heroic

بطولي

take + وقت + to + مصدر ……..

يستغرق .......... لأجل

break the world record for………..

يسجل / يحطم رقم قياسي في

welcome (sb) as a national hero

( يرحب بشخص ) كبطل قومي

swim for (وقت) without a break

يسبح لمدة ....... بدون توقف

at the age of ………..

في سن

become internationally famous

يصبح مشهوراً عالمياً

all over the world

في جميع أنحاء العالم

make (sb) a great man

تجعل .......... رجلا عظيما

to be married to …………

يزوج إلى

win a prize for …………

يفوز بجائزة لأجل

give (his) name to …………

يطلق أسمه على

to give his prize money to ………

يعطي فلوس جائزته لـ ......

won a prize as the best swimmer

فاز بجائزة كأحسن سباح

make sure that

تأكد من أن

at the moment

في هذه اللحظة

fore the first 18 years of his life

لمدة الثمانية عشر سنة الأولى من حياته

the most common language in the world

أكثر شيوعاً في العالم

he was born in + مكان + الزمن

ولد في

ask about

يسأل عن

think about

يفكر في

change … into

يغير إلى

live in

يعيش في

different from

مختلفة عن

find out

يكتشف

end with

بنهي بـــــ

lose against

يخسر ضد

give up

يتوقف

famous for

مشهور بــــ

go to

يذهب إلى

live with

يعيش مع

graduate from

يتخرج من

work for

يعمل لدى

Proud of

فخور بـــــ

die in + سنة

يموت في

retire from

يستقيل من

work in

يعمل في

swim across

يسبح عبر

swim for

يسبح لمدة

talk about

يتحدث عن

move to

يعزل إلى

verb

noun

adjective

adverb

Exhaust

يرهق / يستهلك

Exhaustion

إرهاق / تعب

Exhausted

مرهق

ــــــــــــــــــ

Relax يسترخي

Relaxation

استرخاء

Relaxing

مسترخي

ــــــــــــــــــ

Manage

يدير

Manager مدير

Management

إدارة

Manageable

يمكن التعامل معه بسهولة

ــــــــــــــــــ

Retire

يتقاعد / يعتزل

Retirement

تقاعد / اعتزال

Retired

متقاعد

ــــــــــــــــــ

Nationalize

يؤمم

Nation أمة

Nationalism

قومية

Nationality

جنسية

National

قومي

Nationally

قومياً

MR.AHMED RAGAB 0106548857

Tapescript

Ë Pete : my name's Pete. I'm British but I've lived in
Australia since 1998. I live with my wife, Chris, and our two children. Nathan and Katy. I teach biology at Perth university. My wife teaches English. Nathan is in his last year at school, and our daughter, Katy, is at university studying medicine. She's been there for two years, so she will finish in three years. We're a very sporty family-I play squash three times a week, and we all like sailing. In our free time, Chris and I work for charity. We take children with disabilities on trips at the weekends.
Ë Rana: Hi, I'm Rana. I'm from Cairo and I'm studying
Chinese at the university here. I've just finished
my first year. My brother, Mohamed, is also at
the university here. He's doing architecture.
When he is older, he would like to design a
new government building in Cairo. We have
tow sisters, Heba and Nema, who are both in
the third year at secondary school. After I
graduate, I want to work as an interpreter. If I
can't do that, I'd like to work in television-
perhaps on a news programme. I'm very busy at
the moment, but when I have some free time, I
spend it at home with my family.
Ë Stefan: I'm Stefan. I'm sixteen. I'm Italian and I'm a
student. I live with my family in a small town
in northern Italy. My father's Italian, but he

was born in
Australia and lived there for the first 18 years of his
life. He's a geography teacher at a school in Florence.
He's worked there for over twenty years. My mother's
Swedish. She is the manager of a hotel in our town. I
have tow older sisters. Anna and Clara. Everyone in our
family speaks English, Swedish and Italian. We visit
our Swedish grandparents every tow years, but our
Italian grandparents live with us. They're very old, so
we all have to help them. I read the newspaper to my
grandfather every day.
Ë Lili : My name is Lili. I'm fifteen years old and I live in
the capital of China, Beijing. I'm at school, so I still
live with my parents in an apartment in Beijing. I
don't have any brother or sisters. There are many
small families in China. My father is a doctor and
my mother doesn't work. My first language is
Mandarin, which is the most common language in
the world, with nearly a billion speakers. I really
love sports. Table tennis is my favorite game, but I
also play basketball I've never traveled outside
china, but I have seen a giant panda in the
mountains.



MR.AHMED RAGAB 0106548857



The Reading Text in points

نص كتاب الطالب في نقاط

The world's best swimmer أفضل سباح في العالم

P In 2001, Abu-Heif, one of the best Egyptian swimmers and athletes, won a prize as the best swimmer of the 20th century.
PHe was born in 1929 in the Anfoushi area منطقة of Alexandria.
P His father was a primary school teacher and he was the tenth of twelve sons in the family.
P As a boy, he spent most of his time swimming in the sea. بطولة
P He won the Egyptian primary school swimming championship at age of ten.
P He became internationally famous مشهور عامياً when he swam across the English channel in 1951.
P In 1953, he broke the record for swimming across the channel again in 13 hours and 45 minutes.
P He was welcomed as a national hero تم استقباله كبطل قومي when he returned to Egypt.
P Abu-Heif continued to train fir seven hours a day and to swim in long distance races سباقات المسافات الطويلة all over the world.
P In 1963, in Toronto, he best هزم one of the greatest long swimmers in the world called Harry William.
P In the same year, he also won the Montreal swimming race after swimming for 30 hours without a break بدون توقف.
P All the other swimmers had given up because they were exhausted.
P Being proud of Abu Heif as a world swimmer, his name was given to أطلق اسمه على a beach at at-Anfoushi.
P President Nasser asked Abu-Heif to re-think when he decided to retire يعتزل in 1966.
P Abu-Heif continued to swim and win prizes until he retired in 1975 at the age of 46.
P Because of his generosity, بسبب كرمه Abu-Heif gave his prize money to the family of a British swimmer who had drowned غرق while crossing the Channel.
P Abu-Heif was visited by kings and other important people for being world famous. مشهور عالمياً
P His ability was so incredible لا تصدق
P Doctors and scientists came to Egypt to study him.
P They wanted to know what made him such a powerful swimmer.
P Abu-Heif was not seen on TV or read about in newspapers for many years.
P In 2006, at the age of 79, he want into Hospital because he had a weak heart. قلب ضعيف
P Abu-Heif died in April 2008.
P His death was not important news for younger people for not knowing his name.
P For older people, Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest sporting hero.بطل رياضي

A) Questions with model answers:

1. Who was called the swimmer of the 20th century?
-Abdel-Latif Abu-Heif.
2. What did Abu-Heif's father do for a living ?
- He was a primary school teacher.
3. How was Abu-Heif welcomed in Egypt after breaking the record for swimming across the English Channel?
- He was welcomed as a national hero.
4. What was president Nasser's reaction to Abu-Heif's decision to retire?
- He asked him to reconsider يعيد النظر his decision.
5. Why wasn't Montreal swimming race an easy one?
- Because he swam for 30 hours without a break.
6. What decision did Abu-Heif take in 1975?
- He decided to retire قرر أن يعتزل
7. Abu-Heif was a unique example مثال فريد of a king-hearted generous person. Give an example.
- He gave his prize money to the family of a drowned British swimmer.
8. How old was Abu-Heif when he died?
- He was 79 years old.
9. How many members does Abu-Heif's family consist of?
- 12 sons.
10. What achievement ما الإنجاز did Abu-Heif make as a ten-year old boy?
- He won the Egyptian school swimming championship

Words often confused

journey

رحلة انتقال (طويلة)

trip

رحلة (قصيرة إما للمتعة / رحلة عمل)

present

هدية

prize

جائزة

drown

يغرق (شخص)

sink

يغوص (الأشياء)

Language focus

Present perfect simple

Formation

Have / has + p.p

Tense markers

Just / already / recently / lately / ever / never / up till now / so far / yet / for / since.

Already ……………… الإثبات / السؤال (شيء تم قبل موعده)
- Reda has already furnished her new flat.
- Has Ali already told them the good news?
Even ……………….. في السؤال / و الإثبات
- Have you ever been to Alex?
Never …………. في النفي
- I have never been to Alex.
Yet ………… النفي / السؤال (شيء تأخر عن موعده)
- They haven't finished doing their homework yet.
Usage

1. Action in the past which have recently happened:
(just / already) أحداث تمت في الماضي القريب ويفضل استخدامها مع
- My dad has just arrived home.
- I've already done my homework.
2. Things which have not happened:

أشياء لم تحدث بعد وتستخدم مع (never / yet)

- I've never been to France.
- I haven't visited Luxor yet.
3. Actions happened in the past but still have a present effect:

أحداث تمت ومازال أثرها باق.

- I have forgotten my wallet. I don't have enough money.
- It has rained a lot, my jacket is wet.




Since , for , age استخدامات

Since + بداية الزمن

1990 / winter / April / last year / Friday / 3 o'clock / childhood / then / that time / birthday / dinner / sunset / the night ….

For + فترة زمنية

3 years / the last week / ages / years / several years / along time / a short time / an hour / ever / over a year….

فترة زمنية + ago

(2 years / a week / a month / 5 hours ….)

P His has studied medicine for five years.
P He has studied medicine since 1999.
P I last visited Amr a week ago.
4. Something happened at an indefinite time in the past

شيء حدث في وقت غير محدد المدة في الماضي

- I've read a story.
- We've visited Luxor

تذكر أن الماضي البسيط حدث تم في وقت محدد في الماضي.

- I read a story last night.
¨ notice the difference in meaning between these sentences
1) He worked there for ten years.
لم يعد يعمل (that was in the past not now)
He's worked there for ten years.

(He's still working there) مازال يعمل

2) I'm studying Chinese. (I'm still doing so)
I've studied Chinese. ( I've studied it in the past)
3) I've visited Russia.
(That was in the past, we don't know when)
I visited Russia in 2007. (the time of the visit is known)

لاحظ التحويلات الآتية:

A. Never ever
* I've never met such a tall man. (ever)
He's the tallest man I've ever met.

B. Since + بداية حدث / for + مدة كاملة
* I've worked here since 2005. (for)
I've worked here for three years.

C. Still + مضارع مستمر / yet مضارع تام منفي
* Hany is still doing his homework. (yet)
Hany hasn't finished doing his homework yet.

D. ماضي بسيط + when + ماضي بسيط
مضارع تام منفي (have / has + not p.p) + since +ماضي بسيط
* I last played football when I was at the club. (since)
I haven't played football since I was at the club.

E. (have / has + not + p.p) + for + مدة زمنية
It's + مدة زمنية + since + last + ماضي بسيط
* I haven't met Ali for a week. (since)
It's a week since I last met Ali.

F. just + مضارع تام / (just now / a moment ago) + ماضي بسيط
* I've just finished cooking. (ago)
I finished cooking a moment ago / just now.

G. The difference in meaning: الفرق في المعنى
* have / has been to = went and returned.ذهب وعاد
* have / has gone to = went and still there.ذهب ومازال هناك
- Samara has been to Alexandria.
- Hana has gone shopping.

H. Never / ever.استخدم للتعبير عن حدث يتم لأول مرة
* Hatem has never driven a car.
It's the first time Hatem has ever driven a car.




Some famous Egyptians and their nicknames

بعض المصريين المشهورين وألقابهم:

Character

Nickname

1- Ahmed Shawky
The prince of poets

أمير الشعراء

2- Hafez Ibraheim
The poet of the Nile

شاعر النيل

3- Abu-Heif
The crocodile of the Nile

تمساح النيل

4- sadat
The Hero of war and peace

بطل الحرب والسلام

5- Safya Zaghlul
The Mother of the Nation

أم المصريين

Creative question: أسئلة إبداعية

[Mr.Ahmed Ragab]

I hope EVERYONE will benifit

[Mr.Ahmed Ragab]

U.7-HEALTHY AND SAFETY



bird flu

أنفلونزا الطيور

domestic

منزلي / أليف

catch

يصاب

invitation

دعوة

protect

يحمي

law

قانون

poster

ملصق / إعلان

advice

نصيحة

humans

البشر

weekend

نهاية الأسبوع

alert

إنذار / تحذير

rule

قاعدة

disease

مرض

suggestion

اقتراح

outbreak

تفشى / انتشار

smoke

يدخن

infected

مصاب بعدوى

tired

متعب

wild

بري / وحشي

motorway

طريق سريع

programme

برنامج

get fit

يصبح لائق بدنيا

worry

يزعج

weight

وزن

unusual

غير عادي

earlier

مبكرا

caller

متصل (شخص)

area

منطقة

believe

يعتقد / يصدق

gym

صالة الألعاب الرياضية

disappear

يختفي

friendly

ودود / ودي

still

مازال

safe

آمن

presenter

مقدم (برنامج)

neighbour

جار

expert

خبير

attract

يجذب

extremely

جدا – للغاية

infection

عدوى

recent

حديث

stomach

المعدة

the middle east

الشرق الأوسط

dirty

قذر / متسخ

afraid

خائف

common

شائع

control

سيطرة / تحكم

poisonous

سام

possible

ممكن

kill

يقتل

avoid

يتجنب

insect

حشرة

protect

يحمي / يقي

contain

يحتوي على

sanitation

نظافة عامة

taste

يتذوق

pass

ينتقل

illness

المرض

bathe

يستحم

hygiene

نظافة شخصية

careful

حريص

own

خاص

land

يهبط

cover

يغطي

pieces

قطع

weather

طقس

smell

يعطي رائحة

dirt

قذارة

damaged

تألف

boil

يغلي

germ

جرثومة

a tin

علبة من الصفيح

public

عام

probably

من المحتمل

cleanliness

نظافة

follow

يتبع

fly

ذبابة

make sure

يتأكد

specially

خاصة

headline

عنوان رئيسي

patient

مريض

nurse

ممرضة

equip

يعيد / يجهز

inspect

يفحص / يفتش

disappointed

خائب الأمل / مخذول

out-of-date

منتهي الصلاحية

cut

جرح

advertisement

إعلان

look after

يعتني بــ

cycle

يركب دراجة

promise

يعد / يعطي وعد

lake

بحيرة

properly

بشكل لائق

noise

ضوضاء

pleased

سعيد

pick

يلتقط

hygienic

صحي / نظيف

pond

بركة ماء

important

هام

kettle

غلاية ماء

healthy

بصحة جيدة

items

معدات / أجهزة

agree

يوافق

sink

حوض غسيل

keep safe

يظل في أمان

happiness

سعادة

seriously

بجدية

carelessness

إهمال

loneliness

وحدة / عزلة

careless

مهمل

politeness

أدب

lonely

شاعر بالوحدة

electrical

كهربي

polite

مؤدب

restaurant

مطعم

notice

ملحوظة

happy

سعيد

hurry

يسرع

accident

حادث

decide

يقرر

clearly

بوضوح

fill in

يملئ / يكمل

seat belt

حزام أمان

useful

نافع / مفيد

simply

ببساطة

infect

يعدي

infection

عدوى

infectious

معدي

infected

مصاب

clean

ينظف , نظيف

cleanliness

نظافة

poison

يسمم

poisonous

سام

poison

سم

hygiene

النظافة الشخصية

hygienic

صحي , نظيف

hygienic

علم الصحة

under control

تحت السيطرة

catch a disease

يصاب بمرض

infected birds

طيور مصابة

out-of-date

تنتقل من ..إلى

at the side of (the road)

بجانب

pass (diseases) on (to you)

ينقل ... إلى ..

in a hurry

مسرعا, في عجالة

protect (us) from

يحمي من

die of

يموت (بسبب)

pass…on

ينقل

pass…from…to

ينتقل من ... إلى

cover…. with

يغطي بــ

fill in

يكمل

look after

يعتني بــ

it is + صفة + for + مفعول + to + المصدر

J It is possible for humans to catch bird flu.

Sense verbs + adjective

صفة + فعل الحواس

J It is possible for humans to catch bird flu.

يأتي بعد أفعال الحواس صفة (ليس ظرف مثل باقي الأفعال) وأفعال الحواس هي:

Smell , taste , look , feel , sound.
J This food smells bad.

ملحوظة: تستخدم أفعال الحواس أيضاً كاسم ويسبقها فعل (to have)

J smell (bad) = have a (bad) smell.
J tested (good) = have a (good) taste.

Promise + to + infinitive مصدر

يأتي بعد (promise) to و المصدر

J I promised to help him.

Decide on , decide to

{Decide on + noun يحدد اسم
J You should decide on an order of importance.
J You should decide on your study plan.

{Decide to + infinitive يقرر مصدر
J I decided to complete my study abroad.



The Reading Text

How to avoid illness

Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections Hygiene (your own cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important.
Many infections of the stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation and hygiene. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we cannot see. If that child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed to the other child. When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs and may become ill. The child's mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweet, but it is really because her child ate the other child's germs.

These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always wash your hands before a meal. You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or been to the gym.
You should also be very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Make sure that flies and other insects do not land on your food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass their germs on to you. You must not leave pieces of food or dirty dishes lying around, because they will attract flies. You can protect food from files and germs by covering it. You should always boil tap water before you drink it.
Finally, you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat food from a tin if the is damaged; the food will probably be bad.

`







{Questions with model answers:

1. What is the difference in meaning between hygiene and sanitation?
- Hygiene is personal cleanliness, sanitation is
public cleanliness.
2. How do some stomach problems begin?
- Stomach problems begin when infections pass
from one person to another because of bad hygiene
and sanitation.
3. How often should you bathe or wash?
- One should bathe more often in hot weather and
after doing exercise.
4. What does a damaged tin of food tell you?
- A damaged tin of food shows that it contains bad
food that may be poisonous.
5. Why is cleanliness important?
- Because it protects us from infections
6. Why did the second child get infected?
- Because he ate the germs from the first child's hand.
7. What should you always do before a meal? have designed engines which use natural gas.e past?es.n the world, so we need to find a replacement for petrol as soon
- You should always wash your hands before meals.
8. Why mustn't you leave pieces of food and dirty dishes lying around?
- Because they attract insects that may pass germs on to you.
9. How should you keep food?
- You should cover food to stop flies landing on it.
10. Why is it so important to follow the rules of cleanliness (avoiding illness)?
- In order to look after your own health and so that you don't spread germs and diseases to other people.
11. Why are the rules of cleanliness important in hot weather?
- Because germs multiply in hot weather.
12. What can go wrong if people don't follow the rules cleanliness?
- people may get infected and catch diseases then pass them on to others.
13. How can parents make sure their children learn these rules?
- They should teach these rules to their children from their early age. They can also set an example to their children.
14. What is the problem with out-of-date food?
- It may be poisonous and make one ill.
15. What happens if a hospital is not clean?
- Patients' wounds get infected.
16. How should our hospitals be?
- They should be clean, hygienic and well equipped.
17. What are other places that should be clean and hygienic?
- All public places like schools, universities…etc should be clean and hygienic


{ answers the following questions:

1) How can we protect ourselves against infections?
2) Why are insects like flies dangerous?
3) Why should a wound be kept clean?
4) Give reasons why public places should be hygienic.
5) How are germs a dangerous enemy?
6) Why is hot weather not healthy?
7) Why should we care about out food?
8) You saw a child eating with dirty hands. What's your device to him / her?
9) Do you think people care about cleanliness?
10) What do you think media وسائل الإعلام should do about this matter?

Modals of obligation أفعال ناقصة تعبر عن الإلزام

1) Should / Ought to + inf من الصواب أن ..................

E.g. You should take some rest
It is advisable to…………
I advise you to …………..
It would be a good idea / thing to…………
If I were you, I would………….






Should =





2) Shouldn't / oughtn't to + inf ليس من الصواب أن .............

E.g. You shouldn't smoke.

It is inadvisable to…………
I advise you not to …………..
It wouldn't be a good idea / thing to…..…
If I were you, I wouldn't………….






Should =



Usage الاستخدام......................................... .....

1- لتقديم اقتراح :
E.g. You should play tennis – you'd enjoy it.

2- لتقديم النصح:
E.g. You shouldn't eat crisps. They are bad for your
health.

3) Must + inf = it is necessary to + inf يجب أن ...............

Usage الاستخدام......................................... .....

1- لتقرير قاعدة أو قانون:
E.g. You must wear a seatbelt while driving.
E.g. I must go to school early.
2- لتقديم دعوة:
E.g. You must come and see us at the weekend.

3- لتقديم نصيحة قوية:
E.g. You must wash your hands before you eat.

4) Mustn't + inf ممنوع غير مسموح .......................................

Usage الاستخدام......................................... .....
1- لتقرير قاعدة أو قانون:
E.g. You mustn't park here.
E.g. I mustn't smoke in hospitals.

Be not allowed to + inf
Be prevented from + inf + ing
Be forbidden to + inf

Mustn't + inf =

[ممدوح مصطفى الانصارى]

جزاكم الله خيرا

[Mr. Medhat Salah]

thaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaanks alot

[Mr. Medhat Salah]

thaaaaaaaaaaaaanks alot

[book20102004]

جميل جداً يا مستر

[جاسمين33]

مشكور جدااااا

[mr.abd0]

that is great
thanks

[Mr.Ahmed Ragab]

Thank you Mr.Abdo-me5050-Mr.Mamdouh

[MAZEN gamal]

thank youuuuuuuuuu

[أ/القاضى]

سبحان الله وبحمده سبحان الله العظيم

[hassn hamed]

God bliss you , Sir