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| أرشيف المنتدى هنا نقل الموضوعات المكررة والروابط التى لا تعمل |
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أدوات الموضوع | ابحث في الموضوع | انواع عرض الموضوع |
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11-09-2011, 06:44 AM
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أهم القواعد من الاخر مستر ياسر نصار
0125688181 [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif[/IMG] الصفة هي عبارة عن كلمة لوصف شيء أو شخص - This man is fast. Or – This car is fast. 1 2 3 He is tall Ali is taller than Heba Amr is the tallest [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif[/IMG] Big bigger than the biggest Thin thinner than the thinnest Heavy heavier than the heaviest [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image005.gif[/IMG] Happy happier than the happiest [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif[/IMG] الصفات الطويلة هي صفات ذات أكثر من مقطع 1 2 3 expensive more expensive than the most expensive - Choose the right answer……………. 1- My uncle is ………..than my aunt. { old oldest older olds } 2- This car is the …………..car in the world. { fastest fast faster fasting} 3- My sister is………... beautiful than this girl. { many most more morest} 4- This sport is …………… one in the world. { dangerous more dangerous the most dangerous } This is the tallest man, I have ever seen. - Rewrite the following……….. 1- I have never met a beautiful girl like this girl. " the most" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2- I think he is the strongest man , I have ever seen. " never" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3- My friend Toka is more beautiful than Dina. " less ' ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4- No-one is older than my father in my famiy. " the oldest" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5-Adel is the richest man in our village. "No-one" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6- The house is cheaper than the villa. " The villa" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. Asصفة بدو ن اضافة As [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image007.gif[/IMG] هذه القاعدة تعبر عن التساوي ولكن في حالة النفي تعبر عن عدم التساوي وتفوق الأخير. - Amr is as old as Hanan. That means they are at the same age. - Hend isn't as tall as Tamer. That means Tamer is taller than Hend. - No-one is as intelligent as Khaled. That means khaled is the most intelligent. - Rewrite the following…………… 1- The mobile and the lab top are the same price. " as……as " ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2- Seif is shorter than Toka. " as………..as " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3- The bag isn't as expensive as the shoes. " more.." ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4- This chair is the most comfortable. " as………as" ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5- No-one is younger than Ai. " the youngest" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mr. Yasser Nassar. هو فعل سبق فعل أخر في الحدوث " حدث أولا " [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image010.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image011.gif[/IMG] Had+ P.P { After – as soon as – till – until } - First I watched the film. Then I slept. " After " After I had watched the film, I slept. I slept after I had watched the film. به الجملة فتصبح كالتالي - I didn't sleep until I had watched the film. { Before – By the time – When } - She visited her uncle. Then she went home. " Before" Before she went home, she had visited her uncle. She had visited her uncle before she went home. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image013.gif[/IMG] No sooner + had +sub. + P.P than …..Past simple Hardly + had +sub. + P.P when… Past simple Scarcely + had +sub. + P.P when….Past simple [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image014.gif[/IMG] - They won the prize. Then they celebrated. "No sooner….than" No sooner had they won the prize than they celebrated. Hardy had they won the prize when they celebrated. Scarcely had they won the prize when they celebrated. - Rewrite the following……….. 1- Ai arrived home. Then he had lunch. " after " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2-Mother cooked our dinner. Then we ate. " until " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3- As soon as we had finished the lesson, we went back. " Before" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4- first I made the model. Then I showed them. " till" ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5- He wrote the letter. Then he sent it. "No sooner…" ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6- Scarcely had she gone home, she slept. " After" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. After I had eaten, I slept. = Having eaten , I slept. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image016.gif[/IMG] - Rewrite the following……….. 1- After I had finished my work, I went home. " Having" .................................................. .................................................. ............... 2- Having played the game, I had a shower. " After" .................................................. .................................................. ................ 3-She had cleaned the room before she left. " Having" .................................................. .................................................. ............... Mr. Yasser Nassar. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image017.gif[/IMG] - فعل حدث و أثره موجود - فعل حدث منذ زمن وما زال يحدث [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image018.gif[/IMG] Have + P. P [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image018.gif[/IMG] Key words……….. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image019.gif[/IMG] - They have just cooked. – They have already cooked. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image020.gif[/IMG] يأتي بعدها ( تاريخ السنة - جملةكاملة - ساعة محددة - Last….{ [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image021.gif[/IMG]Last year [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image022.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image023.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image024.gif[/IMG] I have played Tennis 1990 I was six 3 o'clock [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image025.gif[/IMG] يأتي بعدها ( - فترة معدودة - { a long time –ages [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image026.gif[/IMG] Seven years. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image027.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image028.gif[/IMG] I have been in London for a long time. Ages. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image029.gif[/IMG] I haven't finished my work yet. Have you been to America yet? Mr.Yasser Nassar [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image030.gif[/IMG] تأتي في اخر ( سؤال يبدأ ب Have – Has ) Have you ever visited Luxor and Aswan? [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image031.gif[/IMG] تستخدم للنفي ولكن بدون ( Not & Yet ) - I have never seen such an expensive car. - I last saw her when I was in Alex.= I haven't seen her since I was in Alex. - It's three years since I met Ali. = I haven't met Ali for three years. - She has just arrived home. = She arrived a moment ago. - Rewrite the following……….. 1 - I last played football in 1999. " for" …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2- I last ate fish when I was in Marsa matrouh. " since" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3- She hasn't visited Luxor since 1992. " last " …………………………………………………………………………………………… 4- It's five years since I traveled to Paris. " for" ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5- They haven't played football for four years. " It's " …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6- He has just written the letter. " ago " ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 7- She came a moment ago. " just" …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8- I have lived in Cairo since 2001. " for" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 9-We have bought some food and drinks. " yet" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 10-I haven't cooked lunch yet. " never" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image032.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image033.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image034.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image035.gif[/IMG] Have, Has + been + v + ing. - Key words.. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image036.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image003.gif[/IMG] - He joined this company in 1999, he is still working there. { since- for } He has been working in this company since 1999. He has been working in this company for 11 years. - Rewrite the following……………… 1- She started playing at three o'clock. She is still paying. " since " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2- I began to teach in 1994. I am still teaching. " for " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3- They have been making furniture for ten years. " snce" ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4- Sameh has been writing stories for five years. " started" …………………………………………………………………………………………….. Mr. Yasser Nassar. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image038.gif[/IMG] تستخدم للتعبير عن عادة كانت تحدث في الماضي وانتهت و لم تعد تحدث - My father used to smoke heavily. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image039.gif[/IMG] - What did you use to do ? - I didn't use to run every day. - He used to play Tennis. Now he plays Football. - She used to clean the house.Now she doesn't. معتاد دائما تعبر عن عادة دائمة في الوقت الحاضر - He is used to reading English stories. - Rewrite the following……….. 1-When he was ten , he played computer games. " used to" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2- She always helps her friends. " used to " ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3- His habit is to walk every evening. " used to " …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4- Her habit was to climb the tree. " used to" ……………………………………………………………………………………………. Mr. Yasser Nassar. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image018.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image042.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image043.gif[/IMG] - تستخدم للتنبؤ - الوعد – التهديد – القرار السريع - I think it will rain tomorrow. - I will help you with your work. - Do that or I will punish you. - I will study hard to succeed. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image044.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image045.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image046.gif[/IMG] - تستخدم عند التخطيط لحدوث فعل - افعال توشك أن تحدث - I have a plan. I am going to travel to London. - There are a lot of clouds, It is going to rain. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image047.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image048.gif[/IMG] Am. Is . are + v + ing - تستخدم للتعبير عن التخطيط الكامل لحدوث الفعل. - I arranged everything. I am playing football tomorrow. - Rewrite the following……………………………… 1- She decided to study hard. " will" ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2- They planned to travel to America. " going " ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3- I promise to help you with your work. " will " ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4- He arranged everything to attend the party. " attending" ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5- The sky is full of dark clouds. " rain " ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Mr. Yasser Nassar. - هو جملة تبدأ بالمفعول ويكون الفاعل فيها مجهول..... وخطواته كالتالي 1- نبدأ بالمفعول في أول الجملة 2- V to Be حسب زمن الفعل الموجود بالجملة 3- P.P من الفعل الرئيسي بالجملة. 4- إذا أردنا ذكر الفاعل نسبقه بكلمة By . [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image050.gif[/IMG] The report is written. He write the report. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image051.gif[/IMG] He wrote the report. The report was written. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image050.gif[/IMG] He is writing the report. The report is being written. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image051.gif[/IMG] He was writing the report. The report was being written. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image050.gif[/IMG] He has written the report. The report has been written. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image052.gif[/IMG] He will write the report. The report will be written.
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……………………………………………………………………………. Direct and Indirect Speech الحديث المباشر و الغير مباشر Kind of sentenceنوع الجملة Directمُباشر Indirectغير مُباشر 1. Statement الجملة الخبرية هي الجملة التي يبدأ باسم أو ضمير ثم فعل ثم باقي الجملة. said said to reported الأقواس I my me we our us مضارع بسيط مضارع مستمر ماضي بسيط- مضارع تام must will / shall can may said told reported that He / she his / her him / her they their them ماضي بسيط ماضي مستمر ماضي تام had to would could might 2. Imperativeالجملة الأمرية هي الجملة التي تبدأ بفعل في المصدر إذا كانت مُثبتة و في النفي. Don’tتبدأ ب ordered ------------------- ordered said to ------------------ ordered / told الأقواس لجملة مُثبتة ------------ to الأقواس لجملة منفية ------------ not to Ex. “Open the door, Ahmed.” Said Mrs. Nada. Mrs. Nada told Ahmed to open the door. 3. Request الجملة الطلبية said / said to -------- asked الأقواس لجملة مُثبتة ---------- to الأقواس لجملة منفية ------- not to please ------- تُحذف Ex. “Give me the pen, please, Mona.” said Rana. Rana asked Mona to give her the pen. 1. Yes / No Questions الجملة الاستفهامية هي الجملة التي تبدأ بفعل مساعد أو فعل ناقص مثل: is / are / was / were / do / does / did / have / has / had / can / could / will / would / may / might / shall / should. said / said to/ askedasked الأقواس if / whether تكوين سؤال تكوين جملة عادية Ex. “Do you study English, Amar?” Yasser said. Yasser asked Amar if he studied English. Kind of sentenceنوع الجملة Direct مباشر Indirect غير المباشر 2. ( Wh) Questions الجمل الاستفهامية هي أسئلة تبدأ بأداة استفهام مثل What / when / where / who .. asked / said / said to -------------- asked الأقواس ----------- تُحذف أداة الاستفهام ------------ كما هي تكوين السؤال ----------- تكوين جملة عادية Ex. “How do you go to school?” Ramy said to Mona. Ramy asked Mona how she went to school. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image054.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG] "am.is.are Supposed to+ inf = should = ought to+ inf " [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image055.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image056.gif[/IMG] 1- She should study hard. " supposed" …………………………………………………………………………. 2- He shouldn't waste his time. " supposed" ………………………………………………………………………..... 3- You aren't supposed to come. " ought to " .................................................. ......................................... [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image009.gif[/IMG] was, were Supposed to+ inf = should have +p.p [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image056.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image055.gif[/IMG] 1- I was supposed to get up early. " ought to" .................................................. ......................................... 2- They should have been at home. " supposed" .................................................. ........................................... [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image058.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image059.gif[/IMG] للتنبؤ - قرار سريع - تهديد - وعد [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image060.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image061.gif[/IMG] ترتيب كامل لحدوث فعل 1- we predict to win the game. " will " ……………………………………………………………… 2- He decided to work hard. " will " ……………………………………………………………. 3- She has a plan to travel to America. " going" …………………………………………………………………. 4- He intends to invest his money. " is " ………………………………………………………………… 5- They arranged everything to start a business. " is " ………………………………………………………………… [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image062.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image063.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image064.gif[/IMG] Although + Though + However + [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image065.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image065.gif[/IMG] + as + - Although he is poor, he's happy. - However poor he is, he is happy. - poor as he is, he is happy. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image066.gif[/IMG] Despite + Noun & V+ ing [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image067.gif[/IMG] In spite of + Noun & V +ing - In spite of his poverty, he is happy. - Despite being poor, he is happy. - Although he is clever, he couldn't answer. " as – However" …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………. - Although she is young, she speaks well. " In spite of " …………………………………………………………………………………………………. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image068.gif[/IMG] To = so as to = in order to + Inf. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image056.gif[/IMG] That = so that = in order that + sub. + Can & could +inf. - She went to France to learn French. - She went to France so that she could learn French. 1- He works hard to make a lot of money. " so that " ………………………………………………………………………………… 2- They played well so as to win. " in order that" …………………………………………………………………………………. 3- My father reads a lot so that he can gain knowledge. " to " …………………………………………………………………………………. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image069.gif[/IMG] Due to Owing to + V+ Ing & Noun Because of [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image035.gif[/IMG] - He couldn't come because he was ill. " Due to" ………………………………………………………………………………. - She has a sweet voice so she sings well. " Owing to " ……………………………………………………………………………….. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image070.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image071.gif[/IMG] Besides= In addition to + V +ing - He works hard and helps his family. " In addition to" ……………………………………………………………………………….. - She studies and works to get money. " Besides" ………………………………………………………………………………. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image072.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image073.gif[/IMG] Because = since = as + [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image074.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image075.gif[/IMG] So = therefore= consequently = as a result 1- She didn't work at all since she was very ill. " consequently" ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2- I didn't study therefore I didn't pass the exam. " as " ……………………………………………………………………… [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image076.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image077.gif[/IMG] [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image078.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif[/IMG] If Present simple Will + INF. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif[/IMG] If Past Simple Would + INF. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif[/IMG][IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image079.gif[/IMG] If had + P.P Would + have + P.P الحالة الثانية افتراض عكس الواقع - و للنصح He isn't rich. H can't buy this villa. " If " ………………………………………………………………………………….. You had better organize your work. " If " …………………………………………………………………………………… He didn't study so he failed. " If " …………………………………………………………………………………….. She walked slowly, she didn't catch the train. " If " ………………………………………………………………………………… Had he worked hard, he 'd have earned a lot of money. " IF " ……………………………………………………………………………………………. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image081.gif[/IMG] IF + not = Unless [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image082.gif[/IMG] Unless I had helped him , he wouldn't have succeeded. "If " ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Zero conditional If…….present simple……present simple If we boilwater, It turns into steam. Rewrite the following 1- freezing water makes it ice. ( If ) ……………………………………………………………………… Mr.Yasser Nassar \ Grammar Modal verbs Necessity and lack of Necessity الضـــرورة ونقـــص الضــــرورة with Present المضــــارع It is necessary Necessityالضـــرورة must – have to – has to + مصـــــدر You must study hard. الإلـزام مـن جـانـب المتكلـم You have to study hard. الإلـزام مـن الظـروف الخارجيـة He has to study hard. It is necessary to pay the money. You must ( have to ) pay the money. It is not necessary lack of Necessityنقـــص الضـــرورة needn't - don't have to - doesn't have to + مصــدر You needn't study hard. mustلنـفـى You don't have to study hard. He doesn't have to study hard. It is not necessary to buy meat. You needn't ( don't have to ) buy meat. with Past الماضــى It was necessary Necessityالضـــرورة had to + مصـــدر You had to study hard. He had to study hard. It was necessary for her to take a taxi. She had to take a taxi. It was not necessary lack of Necessityنقــص الضـــرورة didn't have to + inf شئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولذلـك لـم أفعلـه needn't have + ppشئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولكـن فعـلتـه I didn't have to take a taxi. ( I didn't take a taxi ) I needn't have taken a taxi. ( I took a taxi ) It was not necessary for her to buy bread as I bought. She didn't have to buy bread. It was not necessary for me to buy milk but I bought. I needn't have bought milk. -It's necessary to work to a plan. " have" ………………………………………………………………………………………………. - It isn't necessary to stay up late. " have " ……………………………………………………………………………………………… [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image083.gif[/IMG]- It was necessary to travel abroad. " have " ………………………………………………………………………………………….. - It wasn't necessary to buy more food . " have " ………………………………………………………………………………………….. - She has to help the poor. " necessary " …………………………………………………………………………………………. - They didn't have to come. " necessary" ………………………………………………………………………………………… - He doesn't have to play for a long time. " necessary" ……………………………………………………………………………………….. - I had to attend the meeting. " necessary" ………………………………………………………………………………………… [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image083.gif[/IMG] Certainty – Deduction التـأكـد ـ الاستنتـاج with Present Past I'm sure I'm certain I think I believe I imagine certainly must + مصـدر شبــــه تــأكـــد must have + pp I'm sure he is a doctor. He must be a teacher. He must have been a teacher. I think he recorded the song. He must have recorded the song. can't + مصـدر للنـفــى can't have + pp I'm sure, he isn't the killer. He can't be the killer. He can't have been a teacher. I think he didn't go to the country. He can't have gone to the country. not sure not certain perhaps probable likely may + مصـدر احتمالية عـــــدم تــأكـــد may have + pp It's probable he arrives early. He may arrive early.He may have been a teacher. Perhaps she phoned me. She may have phoned me. very not sure very not certain it is possible I don't think so I don't believe might + مصـدر عـــــدم تــأكـــد مطـلـق might have + pp It's possible he will come. He might come. He might have been a teacher. I don't think they went out. They might have gone out. Mustn’t + المصــــدر be forbidden [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image084.gif[/IMG] Mustn’t = be not allowed to be prohibited be against the law It is against the law to steal money. ( mustn't ) You mustn't steal money. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Exercise Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets: 1- Perhaps he will arrive tomorrow. "may" …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image083.gif[/IMG] 3- They were late. Perhaps they missed the nine o’clock train. ( may ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4- I am sure he was ill yesterday. ( must ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5- It is impossible that the computer made this mistake. ( The computer ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6- I'm sure that Ahmed wasn't over forty. ( can't ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7- I don't think he will come back. ( might ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8- It's possible that the driver didn't see the warning sign. ( couldn't ) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Grammar Direct & Indirect speech المبـاـشر و غيـر المباشـر الجمــلة الخبـريــة v تغييرات خـارج الأقـواس :ـ said said [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] tell say to [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] say say [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] told said to [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] tells says to [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] says says [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] v يتغير الزمن داخل الأقـواس إذا كان الفعـل خـارج الأقـواس ماضى كالآتـى . ماضى تـام مضــارع تــام [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] مـاضى بسيـط مضـارع بسيـط [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضى تـام ماضى بسيــط [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضى مستمـر مضـارع مستمر [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضيهـا الأفعـال الناقصة [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] must have + pp must الاستنتاج [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] wasn't to mustn't [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] didn't have toneedn't [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] must - have to - has to [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] had to v تحـــول الظـروف الزمنية والمكانية كـالآتى : yesterday [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the day before - the previous day tomorrow [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the next ( following ) day that day today [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] then now [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] before ago, last [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] that night tonight [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] there here [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the following next [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] those these [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] that this [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] He said to me “I will travel to Port Said tomorrow” He told me that he would travel to port said the next day.She said to her brother, “I phoned you yesterday” She told her brother that she had phoned him the day before. Ahmed said to me, " I have won the prize last week." Ahmed told me that he had won the prize the week before. v لاحــظ :ـ إذا كـان داخـل الأقـواس أكثـر مـن جمـلة نربـط الأولـى بـ that والثانية نربطهـا بـ v [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image087.gif[/IMG]and added that She said “I didn’t attend the party. I must apologize.” She said that she hadn't attended the party and added that she had to apologize. الجمــلة الأمـــريـة v فى الأمــر المثبـت نستخــدم ( المصـدر + to ) He said to his son “study hard.” He advised his son to study hard. v فى الأمــر المنفـى نستخـدم ( المصـدر + not to )He said to me “don’t waste your time.” He advised ( told ) me not to waste my time. He said tome " Open the door and don't close the window." He ordered me to open the door and not to close the window. ملاحـظــات عـامـة Ali said to Ramy, “ The earth is round.” Al told Ramy that the earth is round. Rania says, “ I will travel to London.” Rania says that she will travel to London. He said just now, “ No one is allowed to leave.” He said just now that no one is allowed to leave. She said, “ If I had met him, I would have known the news.” She said that if she had met him, she would have known the news. He said, “ If I had the money, I would buy a car.” He said that if he had the money, he would buy a car. He said,” I wish I got the prize.” He said he wished he got the prize. He said, “Can I help you ?" He offered to help me. v فى جمــل التمنـى .He said to me, “Have a nice holiday." She wished me a nice holiday. v فى جمــل الاتهــام .He said to the servant, “You stole my wallet." He accused the servant of stealing his wallet. v فى جمـل الاقتـراح .He said, “Let’s swim" He suggested swimming. He suggested that they should swim. v الوعــد .His father said, “If you get high mark, I’ll buy you a bike His father promised to buy him a bike if he got high marks. Grammar Direct & Indirect speech المبـاـشر و غيـر المباشـر [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image088.gif[/IMG] الجمــلة الإستفهــاميــة v الســؤال المبــدوء بفعــل مســاعـد أو ناقـص تحــذف الأقــواس ونربــط بــ if أو whether v الســؤال المبـدوء بـأداة استفهـــام نربـــط بهــا كمــا هــى وتحــول الجمـله إلى خبـريـة v وتحــذف do – does ويصبـح الفعـل ماضـى بسيــط وتحــذف did ويصبــح الفعــل مـاضـى تــام . v يتغير الزمن داخل الأقـواس إذا كان الفعـل خـارج الأقـواس ماضى كالآتـى . ماضى تـام مضــارع تــام [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] مـاضى بسيـط مضـارع بسيـط [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضى تـام ماضى بسيــط [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضى مستمـر مضـارع مستمر [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] ماضيهـا الأفعـال الناقصة [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] must have + pp must الاستنتاج [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] wasn't to mustn't [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] didn't have toneedn't [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] must - have to - has to [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] had to v تحـــول الظـروف الزمنية والمكانية كـالآتى : yesterday [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the day before - the previous day tomorrow [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the next ( following ) day that day today [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] then now [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] before ago, last [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] that night tonight [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] there here [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] the following next [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] those these [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] that this [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image086.gif[/IMG] She said to me, “Do you speak English ?” She asked me if I spoke English ?” He said to me, “where did you spend your holiday last year ?" He asked me where I had spent my holiday the year before. Ahmed said to me, " How much money did you earn last week?" Ahmed asked me how much money I had earned the week before. Ola said, " What will you do tomorrow?" Ola asked what I would do the next day. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets : 1- He said, " Why were you absent ? " ( He asked why ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2- [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image089.gif[/IMG]He said to me, " Did you take my pen ? " ( If ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3- Father said to me, " Do you want to buy a new suit ? " ( whether )) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4- She asked her son if he had finished his homework . ( Did you finish ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5- He said to me, " Why did you come late ? " ( He asked me ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6- The doctor said to the patient, " Do you smoke ? " ( If ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7- " Have you seen the film ? " I said to Amin . ( If ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8- " Where can I get the book ? " said Ahmed . ( Ahmed asked where ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9- He said to me, " How has he got the money ? " ( He asked me how ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10- Ramy asked me if I had done my homework yet . ( Ramy said to me …… ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11-He says , " I'm pleased to get the prize " ( He says that ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12-He said , " I shall meet him at six o'clock . " ( He said that ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 13-He said to me , " stop when the light is red . " ( He told me ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14-She said to her sister, " Don't play in the street " ( not to ) Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets : 1. He says , " I'm pleased to get the prize " ( He says that ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. He said , " I shall meet him at six o'clock . " ( He said that ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3. He said to me , " stop when the light is red . " ( He told me ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4. She said to her sister, " Don't play in the street " ( not to ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. The teacher said , " " ( not to ) 6. Mother said to me, " Don't be late . " ( not to ) 7. " Leave me a lone, " said Mona to her friends . ( to leave ) 8. He said to the pupils, " Don't leave before you finish " ( He told the pupils ) 9. She said to me , " Don't write your name on the box . " ( She told me ) 10. " I'm going to travel to ِAmerica . " ( He told me ) 11. He said, " I went to the cinema last Monday . " ( He told me ) 12. She said to me, " I'll buy a new car next month." ( She told me ) 13. Ahmed said to Ali, " I have won the prize last week." ( Ahmed told Ali ) [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image090.gif[/IMG] Grammar Active&Passiveالمعلـوم و المجهــــول المفعـــول + V. to be التصريف الثالث ++ by + الفـاعـل Tense Passive Present simple المضـارع البسيـط ( am – is – are ) + pp Past simple الماضى البسيـط ( was – were ) + pp Present continuous المضــارع المستمـر ( am – is – are ) + being + pp Past continuous المستمـر الماضى ( was – were ) + being + pp Present perfect المضــارع التـام ( have – has ) + been + pp Past perfect الماضى التـام had been + pp Future simple المستقبـل البسيـط will be + pp Future perfect المستقبـل التـام will have been + pp Present perfect continuous المضـارع التام المستمر ( have – has) + been + pp Active: The servant keeps the house clean. ( present simple ) Passive : The house is kept clean by the servant. Active : She cleaned the room. ( past simple ) Passive : The room was cleaned by her. Active : They are playing football. ( present continuous ) Passive : Football is being played by them. Active : The gardener was picking the flowers. ( past continuous ) Passive : The flowers were being picked by the gardener. Active : We have built a new house. ( present perfect ) Passive : A new house has been built by us. Active : The teacher had explained the lesson. ( past perfect ) Passive : The lesson had been explained by the teacher. Active : I'll visit Ahmed next week. ( future simple ) Passive : Ahmed will be visited by me next week. Active : By next week I will have finished the report. ( future perfect ) Passive: By next week the report will have been finished. Active : I have been reading this story. ( present perfect continuous ) Passive : This story has been read by me. ملاحـظـات عـامـة Active : They don’t speak English. Passive : English is not spoken. v إذا كانـت الجملـة منفيـة بـ did not احــذفهـا واستخـدمwas - were + not + pp.Active : He didn’t pay the bill. Passive : The bill was not paid. v إذا كـان الفاعـلnobody , no one لا يستخـدم بعـد by ويحـول الفعـل إلى النفـى .Active: Nobody has helped them. [IMG]file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/YASSER/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image090.gif[/IMG]Passive : They were not helped. v إذا وجـــد بالجمــلـة الفعـــلlet يحـــول إلـى allow to.Active: I let Ahmed go out . Passive : Ahmed was allowed to go out. v إذا جــاء الفاعـل والمفعـول واحـد فى الجمـلة نستخـدم ضميـر عاكـس وهـذا يأتى مـع الفعـل let فقـط .Active: He let other people laugh at him. Passive: He let himself be laughed at. Passive: The woman was killed by the thief who ran away. الجمــلة الأمــــــرية v فى الإثبات نستخـدم:ـ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــLet + مفعـول + be + pp Close the window. Let the window be closed. Open the door. Let the door be opened. v وفى النفى نستخـدم:ـDon't let+ مفعـول + be + pp Don't close the window. Don't let the window be closed. Don’t open the door. Don’t let the door be opened. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Exercise 1. I saw him in the tram. ( He ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2. The boys had completed work before five o'clock. ( had been ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The teacher was watching us in the class. ( We ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 4. They haven't informed him of the change of the plan ( He ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5. Ahmed may give you his camera. ( be ) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6. They are playing tennis. ( being ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 7. After they had heard all the speech they left. ( been ) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 8. He didn't tell me anything about the accident. ( I ) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 9. The postman gave her a letter this morning. ( A letter ) …………………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that before. ( I ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Yasser Nassar . |
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06-10-2011, 08:35 PM
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