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[نبيل موريس جورج]

How to Pronounce -ed

verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiceless consonant [p, k, f, s, θ] is pronounced (speak ) t].

verbs ending in -ed preceded by a voiced consonant [b, g, v, ʒ, , z, &l, m, n] or a vowel
speak d].
verbs ending in -ed preceded by [t] or d]
speak [id].

* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id

• aged
• blessed
• crooked

• dogged
• learned
• *****

• ragged
• wicked
• wretched