* 3- Electron affinity :
“The amount of energy released when an extra electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom”.
a) In periods
- The electron affinity increases as the atomic number increases
exception
-
The filled or half- filled orbital give the atom some stability so it is difficult to attract new electron and the electron affinity decreases
(As in 4Be = 1S2,2S2 , 7N = IS2,2S2,2p3, 10Ne =lS2,2S2,2p6)
b) In groups:
-
The electron affinity decreases as the atomic number increases due to increasing atomic radius increasing the repulsive force between the electrons and decreasing attraction force .
exception
Electron affinity of fluorine is less than that of chlorine due to the smallest Of the radius of flourine which causes high repulsive force between 9 electron of flourine.