[مستر هانى حامد]

Unless = if not

تستخدم unless بدلا من if في النفي ولها نفس القواعد .

mmIf he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam
Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn't have passed the exam.
Unless he had worked hard, he would have failed the exam.

M يمكن استخدام incase of بدلا من if في الإثبات ويأتي بعدها اسم أو فعل + ing .

If you are strong, you will defeat your enemy.
Incase of being strong, you will defeat your enemy.
Incase of your strength, you will defeat your enemy.

M يمكن استخدام without, but for بدلا من if في النفي.

If I don't finish early, I won't go home early. (Without)
Unless I finish early, I won't go home early. (Without)
Without finishing early, I won't go home early.

M لاحظ انه يمكن استخدام without, but for بدلا من if والفعل بعدها منفي أو بدلا من unless والفعلبعدها مثبت .

يمكن استخدام if it weren't for بدلا من without في الحالة الثانية.

Without + اسم would +المـصــد ر
If it weren't for + اسم would + المـصــد ر
Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
If it weren't for hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.

يمكن استخدام if it hadn't been for بدلا من without في الحالة الثالثة.

Without + اســم would have + p. p
If it hadn't been for + اســـم would have + p. p
¶ Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam.
¶ If it hadn't been for hard work, he wouldn't have passed the exam.


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