[أ/القاضى]

الموضوع منقول

The zero conditional

Å تستخدم قاعدة if الصفرية مع كلا من الحقائق الطبيعية و الفيزيائية والكميائية ويكون
شكلها كالتالى:

If مضارع بسيط مضارع بسيط

Examples:
If water is cooled, it freezes.
If plants don’t get enough water, they die.
If we heat metal, it expands.

The first conditional

Åوتستخدم الحاله الاولى عند احتمال حدوث شيء في المستقبل وإعطاء الوعود تكوينها
كما يلي:

If مضارع بسيط فاعل + will + inf

Examples:
If they play well, they will win the match.
If he works hard, he will pass the test.
If he pays attention, he will understand.
If you tidy your room, I will let you go out.

The second conditional

Åوتستخدم الحاله الثانيه للتعبير عن موقف خيالي أو غير حقيقي في الحاضر وأيضا
إعطاء النصيحة وتكوينها كما يلي:

If ماضى بسيط فاعل + would + inf

Examples:
If I were you, I would apply for the job.
If we had enough money, we would travel abroad.
If I were in your position, I would behave differently.

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The third conditional

Å تستخدم الحاله الثالثه للتعبير عن أحداث لا يمكن أن تحدث أو مستحيل أن تحدث
في الماضي وتتكون من:

If ماضى تام فاعل + would have + p.p.

Examples:
If it had been fine yesterday, I would have gone to the country.
If he had come on time, he would have enjoyed the party.
If we had had enough time, we would have helped them.

Without & But for

Without / But for noun / v.ing

Å وتساوى without / but for في المعنى الرابط unless ولكن لا يأتي بعدها جمله
مثل unless ولكن يأتي بعدها إما اسم أو فعل مضاف له ing .

Examples:
If you didn't have money, you wouldn't buy all your needs.
Unless you had money, you wouldn't buy all your needs.
money, you wouldn't buy all your needs.
Without / But for
having money, you wouldn't buy all your
needs.

If it weren’t for + noun (الحاله الثانيه)

If it hadn't been for + noun (الحاله الثالثه)

Å ويتم استخدامها كبديل لـ without & but for ويأتى بعد كلا منهما الاسم.
Examples:
If it weren't for money, you wouldn't buy all your needs.
If it hadn't been his bravery, the child would have been killed.

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in case of

in case of noun / v.ing

Å وهى مساويه فى المعنى لـ If ولكن ياتى بعدها اما اسم او فعل مضاف له ing.

Examples:

I'll let you ride my bike in case of passing your test.

I will understand in case of paying attention.

Omission of ( If )

حذف (if)

Should + فاعل + v ( inf )

Å ويمكن استخدام Should بدلا من If ولكن في الحالة الأولى والثانية فقط .

Examples:
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
Should it rain tomorrow, we will stay at home.
If he attended the party, he would meet me.
Should he attend the party, he would meet me.

Were + فاعل + مفعول

Were + فاعل + to + v ( inf )

Å ويمكن استخدام Were بدلا من If في الحالة الثانية إذا كانت were فعل اساسى في
الجملة بينما أن وجد فعل اساسى آخر في الجملة يتم استخدام

Were + ……. + to + v (inf)
Examples:
If he were a doctor, he could help her.
Were he a doctor, he could help her.
If he studied hard, he would succeed.
Were he to study hard, he would succeed.

Had + فاعل + مفعول

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Had + فاعل + P.P.

Å ويمكن استخدام Had بدلا من if في الحالة الثانية إذا كانت فعل اساسي أو في الحالة الثالثة.

Examples:
If he had a car, he would travel.
Had he a car, he would travel.
If he had bought the car, he would have travelled.
Had he bought the car, he would have travelled.