UNIT 3
analyze
يحلل
photographic
تصويري
breath
يستنشق
terrible
سيء / فظيع
cells
خلايا
aloud
بصوت مرتفع
pain
ألم
hide
يخفى
powerful
قوى
together
معاً
temperature
حرارة
special
خاص
remember
يتذكر
painting
الرسم
password
كلمة السر
address
عنوان
incredible
لا يصدق
at night
ليلاً
human
بشري
senses
حواس
test
يختبر
control
يتحكم في
eyesight
إبصار
guess
يخمن
for example
على سبيل المثال
normal
عادي
immediately
في الحال
complex
معقد
finally
أخيراً
weigh
يزن
impossible
مستحيل
taste
يتذوق
long distances
مسافات طويلة
digestion
هضم
without glasses
بدون نظارة
sunlight
ضوء الشمس
add
يضيف
sound
يبدو
calculator
آلة حاسبة
promise
يعد
damage
يتلف / تلف
pen-friend
صديق مراسلة
a phone call
مكالمة تليفون
free time
وقت فراغ
relax
يسترخى / يسترح
bright
لامع / ساطع
number
رقم
ambulance
سيارة إسعاف
data
تاريخ
modest
متواضع
brain
مخ
small
يشم
carefully
بحرص
pass
يجتاز / ينجح
store
يخزن
maybe
محتمل
disappointed
خاب أمله
helpful ideas
أفكار مساعدة
method
طريقة / وسيلة
keep fit
يكون لائق
message
رسالة
insect
حشرة
bird
طائر
hole
ثقب / حفرة
by the end of ……….
في نهاية / خاتمة........
concentrate better on ……..
يركز بشكل أفضل على ......
make a note of ………
يدون ملاحظات على
to do well / badly in the exam
يؤدي أداء جيداً / سيئاً في الامتحان
turn …….. the other way
يدير / يلف ....... للجانب الآخر
take …….. out of …….
يأخذ ..... خارج.......
make (sth) possible
يجعل ..... ممكناً
try this experiment
جرب هذه التجربة
the difference between … end…
الفرق بين ....... و ........
send a message back to
يرسل رسالة مرة أخرى إلى.......
make sure you don't …..
تأكد أنه لن يحدث .......
say (sth) back to you
يكرر ذكر ...... لك ........
to help (sb) with his homework
يساعد شخص في أداء واجبه
to have a good memory for numbers
لديه ذاكرة جيدة لاسترجاع الأرقام
do you have any suggestions?
هل لديك أي اقتراحات؟
good at
جيد في
terrible at
فظيع / سيء في
fall over
يسقط فوق
bad at
سيء في
answer to
رد على
compared with
بالمقارنة بـــ
example of
مثال لـــ
receive from
يتلقى من
ways of
طرق لـــ
agree about/on
يوافق على
come from
يأتي من
pick up
يلتقط
made of
مصنوع من
go round
يدور حول
useful for
مفيد لـــ
key to
مفتاح لـــ
good for
مفيد لـــ
the rest of
الباقي من
Experience
خبرة
Brain
المخ
Experiment
تجربة معملية
Quiet
هادئ
mind
العقل (القدرة على التفكير)
quite
إلى حد ما /تماماً
Quit
يهجر / يترك / يغادر
Close
يغلق
Guess
يخمن
Receive
يستلم
send
يرسل
The Reading text in points
You have 100 , 000 , 000 of thes
لديك 100 مليون منها (الخلايا)
Ë Your brain is more complicated أكثر تعقيداً then the most powerful computer in the world.
Ë With it you can see, small flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favorite singer's voice and think.
Ë It weighs يزن a kilo. It has about a hundred billion cells.
Ë It controls everything you do. It receives يتلقى information from your senses, analyses يحلل it at an amazing speed بسرعة مذهلة and sends out messages that control يتحكم our body.
Ë for example, if you put your hand in hot water, you take it out of the water because it hurts.
Ë what is happening now? Your brain receives the message "very hot" from your hand. Then sends a message back to your hand immediately في الحال.
Ë Your senses work together تعمل معاً. For example, your brain can't tell you the difference الفرق in taste المذاق between the fruits if you close your eyes and hold your nose. Try this experiment قم بهذه التجربة.
Ë This is because when you eat, your drain receives messages from your mouth, eyes and nose.
Ë Your brain stores يخزن past memories ذكريات سابقة and this makes learning and remembering التذكر possible.
Ë Your brain controls your breathing التنفس your heart, your body temperature حرارة الجسم and your digestion الهضم.
Ë People have different remembering abilities قدرات تذكارية مختلفة .
Ë Some people are good at remembering names. Others have a photographic memory from numbers ذاكرة تصويرية للأرقام.
Ë The brain enables us to guess and distinguish نميز sounds.
Ë If you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone, your brain may guess it's the sound of the telephone.
Ë But if the sound continues after picking up the phone, your brain will guess again. Maybe, it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
Ë Our brains can see the picture in different positions.
Ë It is said by scientists that our brains always think that light comes downwards, perhaps because sunlight comes down.
1. In what way is your brain like a computer?
- Both of them are complicated and can store a lot of
information.
2. Mention أذكر some functions وظائف done by the brain.
With it you can see, small flowers, remember
holidays, fell pain, hear your favorite singer's
voice and think.
3. How heavy is the brain?
- A kilo
4. How many cells are there in the brain?
- It has about a hundred billion cells.
5. How does the brain work with the information it receives?
- It analyses يحلل it at an amazing speed بسرعة مذهلة
and sends out messages.
6. Why is the brain important in the process of learning عملية التعلم?
- Because it stores past memories.
7. How does the brain control all the body's functions وظائف الجسم?
- It controls your breathing التنفس your heart, your
body temperature حرارة الجسم and your digestion
الهضم.
8. How do remembering abilities differ from one person to another?
Some people are good at remembering names.
Others have a photographic memory for numbers
ذاكرة تصويرية للأرقام
Language focus
Conditional sentences الجمل الشرطية
Zero conditional : الحالة الصفرية
Use zero conditional sentences to describe actions which are usually true.
تستخدم الحالة الصفرية للتعبير عن أحداث واقعية أو حقائق.
If + present simple مضارع بسيط present simple مضارع بسيط
Ë If we heat a bar of metal, it expands.
Ë Water turns into ice if it is frozen.
Ë If I feel tired, I go to bed.
Ë I got to bed if I fell tired.
First conditional : الحالة الشرطية الأولى
If + present will / can / may + inf. OR
Imperative فعل في صيغة الأمر
Use first conditional sentences to describe actions that are possible in the future.
تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الأولى لوصف أحداث من الممكن أن تحدث في المستقبل .
ËIf Hany revises his lessons well, he can pass his exams.
Ë If Mona has a lot of money, she will buy a new car.
Ë If I find his phone number, I'll ring you.
Ë I'll ring you if I find his phone number.
ملحوظة هامة:
عند ربط جملتين تعبر عن حدث مستقبلي باستخدام (If) نستخدم الحالة الأولى.
* It's possible that Ali will win the race because he'll do his
best. (If)
- If Ali does his best, he will win the race.
Second conditional: الحالة الشرطية الثانية
If + past simple would / could / might + inf.
Use second conditional sentences to describe actions which will probably not happen.
1) تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الثانية لوصف أحداث ليس من المحتمل حدوثها.
Ë If Mai arrived late, she would miss the train.
Ë If I had free time, I'd go for a picnic.
Ë If I were rich, I'd help the poor.
Ë I'd ring him if I found his phone number.
2) تستخدم الحالة الشرطية الثانية لإعطاء النصيحة:
Ë If I were you, I'd study hard to get high score. =
Ë You should study hard to get high score.
ملحوظة هامة:
عند ربط جملتين تعبر عن حدث غير محتمل حدوثه في المستقبل / نستخدم الحالة الثانية.
* It possible that he won't catch the morning train because
he does not get up early. (If)
- If he got up early , he'd catch the morning train.
تذكر :
1- أن الحالة الثانية تعبر عن افتراض (عكس الواقع الحالي)
* If I were a doctor, I'd help you.
(I'm not a doctor, so I can't help you)
* If I were not tired, I'd visit my uncle.
(I can't visit you because I'm tired.)
* If I had enough memory, I'd lend you some.
(I don't have enough money, so I can't lend you some)
* If she does not play well, we'll be angry. =
Unless she plays well, we'll be angry.
* If they did not arrive in time, they wouldn't be admitted =
Unless they arrived in time, they wouldn't be admitted.
3- استخدام (in case of + ing / N) بمعنى If.
* If he feels tired, he'll stay at home. (In case of)
In case of feeling tired, he'll stay at home.
4- استخدام (Without + ing / n) بمعنى unless :
* Unless she had enough time, she wouldn't go to the club.
Without having enough time, she wouldn't go to the club.
ملحوظة:
لاحظ التحويلات الآتية عند الربط بين الجمل باستخدام (If):
A- It's possible it will rain, if so, I'll give you a lift.
If it rains, I'll give you a lift.
B- Perhaps he will come tomorrow. In that case, I'll phone you.
If he comes tomorrow, I will phone you.
2- استخدام الحالة الثانية مع المضارع البسيط المنفي.
c- I can't lend you my camera as it doesn't work well.
If my camera worked well, I could lend you it.
3- تحويل النفي إلى إثبات و الإثبات إلى نفي.
4- حذف أدوات الربط therefore / so / that's why ) لذلك) .
حذف (as / because) وتأتي الجملة التي بعدها بعد (If).
Creative question: أسئلة إبداعية
1- Why do our brains first think the telephone is ringing?
The brain may guess that it is the sound of a telephone you see.
If someone picks up the phone and the ringing continues, you may guess it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
2- Why do brains think that light comes downwards?يميل لأسفل
Because the natural light from the sun always comes from above.
3- Do we all have the same things that we see; hear and taste?
No, each one of us has his own opinion.
4- How would your life be different without any of the senses?
It would be very hard, for example if someone goes blind. أصيب بالعمى
5- How can we help people who have lost one of the senses?
By inventing devices أجهزة that will help to make up for تعرض what they have lost.
6- Can people who can not see or hear help us in any way?
Yes, of course. They can tell us how hard their life has
become after losing one of the senses.
7- What five senses does the brain receive messages from?
They are taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch.
8- How does the brain help us to learn and remember?
It acts as, a store يعمل كمخزن for past memories.
9- What happens when you put your hand in hot water?
The brain receives a message saying the water is very
hot and sends a message back to the person saying.
"take your hand out of the water".
10- Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose and close your eyes?
When you are eating, the brain receives messages from
the eyes, nose and mouth. If you hold your nose and
close your eyes, it does not get any messages.
Communication
Writing reply to letter or advice
23, Haram street,
Giza,
Egypt.
October 10th , 200…
Dear………..,
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………
With my best wishes,
Yours,
……………. .
A) Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space.
There are some people who have good memory. Harry is an American with an amazing….(a)… He …(b)… his living from his amazing memory. About 800 people .(c)… to his shows and Harry is introduced …(d)… them before the show. Harry will have to ..(e).. 1000 dollars if he can't greet everyone of them by …(f)… after introducing themselves.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………
e)…………
f)…………
a: Translate into Arabic:
1) The brain receives the information from our senses and analyses it swiftly.
2) Some people feel annoyed to think how much they depend on computers.
b: Translate into English: إن ممارسة الرياضة تكسب الجسم الصحة العقلية و البدنية.
C) Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space.
The human brain is the most powerful computer in the world. It is more …(a)… then any other computer …(b)… by man. It ...(c)... messages to our bodies and …(d)… information from organs about conditions inside and outside our bodies. It also stores memories of things that …(e)… to the person in the past.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………
e)…………
D) a: Translate into Arabic:
1- Reading is a good way of spending our free time.
2- Storing past memories makes learning process possible.
b: Translate into English:
لكي تتعلم لغة ما, يجب أن تنطق الكلمة بشكل صحيح.
E) Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:
Would you ask your father to lend you some money if you were short of it? But if he refuses, would you ask your brother? And, if your brother doesn't have enough money, you would have to ask a friend. If not, you shall ask another friend. Try to saving money so as to be in need.
a)…………
b)…………
c)…………
d)…………
F) Answer the following questions:
1) What weight is the brain?
2) Which boy's functions does the brain control?
3) How can we distinguish ringing sounds?
4) What are cells?
5) Why is having a memory for names useful for teachers?
6) What is the advantage of having a photographic memory for numbers?
7) What would happen if you put your hand in hot water?
8) When won't you be able to taste what you are eating?
9) When you hear a sound, what does your brain try to do?
G) Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:
1- I'm not rich, so I can't buy a new car.
2- I can't visit you because I'm busy.
3- Unless you studied hard, you wouldn't get
high marks.
4- Hany may come today. If so, I won't go out.
5- She can't translate the leaflet as she doesn't
know English.
6- If she visits Luxor, she can see the ancient
temples there.
7- Without you patience, you couldn't be
responsible for your business.
8- Amal will take part in the reading
competition, so she will borrow some books
from me.
9- The shirt is too expensive, so I can't buy it.
10- They don't play well, so they can't win the
cup.
11- If he took some exercises regularly, he
would be fit.
12- I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a
modern car
13- Please, wait a moment, I'll fetch you a glass
of water.
14- You must have a ticket or you will not enter
the cinema.
15- If I had seen him off, I would have been
happy.