بوابة الثانوية العامة المصرية - تجميع لأسئلة الطلاب والردود عليها

اقتباس:

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة meromarmar5 (المشاركة 5285328)

لو سمحتوا يا اساتذه انا عايزه اعرف الفرق مع مثال متشابه لكل من جرامر الوحده ال7 وجرمر الواحده 18
معلش اصل الجرامرين دخلين فى بعض ومش فاهمه ايه الفرق ياريت
شرح مختصر لكل منهم وذكر مثال متشابهه

وحل السوال داه مع ذكر السبب
i want to know if kamel) .............there long
has been working
had been working
was working
worked
الاجابه مع ذكر السبب لو سمحتوا
جملة القول مضارع
وشكرا جزيرا لكم

must
I am sure – I am certain
can't
I am sure + نفي
may
I am not sure – It is probable - perhaps
might
I am very uncertain – it is possible

ملاحظة (ا) في المضارع يأتي بعدهم مصدر وفي الماضي يأتي بعدهم (have + p.p)
1 – He passed his driving test , this must have made him very happy.
2 – My father must have walked to work, I am sure.
3 - He doesn't speak Arabic, he can't be Egyptian.
4 – He might have gone abroad , it is possible.
5 – Ali didn't attend the meeting , he can't have read e-mail.
6 – I am not sure , He may/might have rung yesterday.

ملاحظة هامة جدا :
نستخدم (could have + p.p ) للتعبير عن الاحتمال في الماضي وكذلك ان الشيء كان ممكن أن يحدث ولكنه لم يحدث .
نستخدم ( couldn't have + p.p ) للتعبير عن استحالة حدوث الشيء في الماضي .
¨He could have taken my car, but he preferred to go by bus.
¨Ayman was abroad , he couldn't have killed the man.
¨He couldn't have written the letter, he is illiterate.

Modal Verbs

¨تستخدم should/ought to / had better + inf. عادة للتعبير عن النصيحة:
[
¨ should = ought to = had better = If I were you, I'd… = It’s a good idea to…. = It’s advisable to….= It’s desirable to…+ inf.

· You should look for a new job.
= It is a good idea to look for a new job.
· You shouldn't look at the sun. It's very dangerous.
· You had better not look at the sun. It's very dangerous.

¨تستخدم should have + PP. للتعبير عن أن شيء كان يجب أن يحدث في الماضي ولم يتم ونستخدمه عادة عندما نوجه اللوم لشخص لعدم قيامه بعمل معين:
·You should have done your homework yesterday.
· You shouldn't have parked your car here. It's a 'No Parking' area.

¨تستخدم can للتعبير عن القدرة علي عمل شيء في المضارع:
¨Can = be able to + inf. = be capable of + V. + ing = have the ability to + inf.
· I can do this job very well.
= I have the ability to do this job very well.
= I am capable of doing this job very well.
= I am able to do this job very well.

¨تستخدم can / could للتعبير عن الاحتمال Possibility في المضارع:
· Surgeons can replace the heart. (This is possible.)
· We could ban cars from cities. (This would be possible if we wanted it.)
· He can't be Egyptian – he doesn't speak Arabic. (This is not possible)

¨تستخدم could / couldn't للتعبير عن قدرة عامة علي عمل شيء في الماضي (مثل السباحة وركوب الدراجات ، مثلا):
· I could swim at the age of six.
· I couldn't ride a bicycle until the age of nine.
¨ولكن عند الحديث عن قدرة محددة علي عمل شيء في الماضي وكان غالبا من الصعب القيام به نستخدم: Was / were able to
Managed to + inf. = Succeeded in + V. + ing

· I took my car to the garage this morning, where one of the mechanics managed to repair it.
· I'd been trying to send that e-mail all day. Finally, I succeeded in sending it at 6 p.m.
· It was raining and there were no taxis. At last, we were able to arrive home.
¨تستخدم could / can في حالة الطلب والاقتراح:
· What shall we do tonight? – We can / could go to the cinema.
· Can / Could you open that door, please?
¨يُفضل استخدام could مع الأفعال التي تدل علي الشعور والتفكير:
·He could remember nothing after the accident.
·When he was far from home, he could only think of his son.
¨وتستخدم could عادة مع الكلمات hardly – almost في الماضي وتستخدم can في المضارع
·He could hardly breathe because of the smoke.
·He almost couldn't see in the dark.

¨لاحظ استخدام could بعد I wonder if ..
·I wonder if you could help me with this bag..
¨يمكن استخدام طرق أخري للتعبير عن السماح أو عدم السماح بشيء كما يلي:

¨Be allowed to + inf. = Be permitted to + inf. مسموح له
¨Be prohibited from + ing ممنوع من.

· You are allowed to park here.
· You are permitted to use this fax machine.
· Parking is prohibited near the government buildings.
]
¨Must = it is necessary to ..

¨ تستخدم Must للتعبير عن إحساس قوي بضرورة عمل شيء من وجهة نظر المتكلم أو للتعبير عن أن شيء مهم بالنسبة لنا وفي هذه الحالة تستخدم فقط مع الضمائر I / WE ومع You في حالة السؤال:
· You must visit my grandparents more often. (It's important to me that I do.)
· Must you wear that yellow tie? (Is it important to you that you do it? This also suggests that it bothers يضايق me.)
¨ تستخدم Must للتعبير عن نصيحة قوية وفي الأوامر كما تستخدم في القوانين والقواعد وعندما نذكر أنفسنا بضرورة عمل شيء:
· You mustn't be late or dad will be angry. (strong advice)
· You must clean your room before you go out with your friends. (an order)
· Drivers and passengers of motorcycles must wear helmets. (a law)
¨ تستخدم Must في حالة توجيه دعوة أو التعبير عن مشاعر صادقة:
· You must come and see us at the weekend.
· You must try a piece of my cake.
¨لاحظ استخدام Must للتعبير عن الضرورة في المضارع والمستقبل فقط :
· I must go now. · I must see my doctor tomorrow.

¨تستخدم have to / have got to / Need to للتعبير عن إلزام مفروض علينا وليس أمامنا اختيار بسبب القواعد والقوانين أو الظروف :
¨Have to / Have got to / Need to = It is necessary to..

· If she wants to start her course this year, she has to apply before the end of March.
· Do you have to wear that yellow tie to work? (Is it part of your uniform?)
· We have to wear helmets if we are going to take the motorcycle. (The law says so.)
· He needs to be busy all the time or his boss will be angry.
· We need to revise for next week's exam.

¨يمكن استخدام have to في النصيحة و الأوامر:
· You have to apologize to Mona. You don't want to lose her as a friend. (advice)
· You can't go out. You have to clean your room first. (an order)

¨في حالة التعبير عن الضرورة في المستقبل نستخدم must / have to / will have to:
· I have to get up early tomorrow.
· I'll have to send the fax tomorrow.
للتعبير عن الضرورة في الماضي نستخدم had to:
¨Had to = It was necessary to ..

· We had to take a taxi as it was raining heavily.

¨يمكن استخدام have to في الأزمنة المختلفة (ما عدا الأزمنة المستمرة):
· I had to work six days a week. = It was necessary for me to work six days a week.
· My flight is at six in the morning. I'll have to get up early.
· Have you ever had to go to hospital?

¨في حالة التعبير عن عدم الضرورة في المضارع يمكن استخدام ما يلي:
¨Don't have to / don't need to / needn't = It isn't necessary to…

· When you are on holiday, you don't need to go to bed early.
· She doesn't have to work on Saturday.

¨للتعبير عن عدم الضرورة في المستقبل نستخدم :

¨Won't have to = won't need to = It won't be necessary to …

· I won't have to clean the room tomorrow. Mother will do it.